Engl 155

1. Due today: Outline (turn in at the end of class) Agenda Run-On sentences - Review Sentence/Fragment/Run on Begin writing paper – Using the Outline! Incorporating research Quoting/paraphrasing Engl155 Tosspon

2. Quick review: Fragments Fragment! • To be a complete sentence- • Subject • Verb • Express a complete thought • Watch for words like “although” and “because”! • Because I wentto the park.

3. Clauses • Most clauses have further information after the verb A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb

4. Two Types of Clauses A word that joins clauses is a conjunction • Independent clause (Main clause) • Can stand alone as a sentence • Can be joined to another clause • Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. • Dependent clause (Subordinate clause) • Cannot stand alone as a sentence • Must be joined to an independent clause • Becausehe wanted to make his own firecrackers.

5. When the sentence starts with the dependent clause, it must have a comma before the independent clause Joining Clauses • A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause to make a sentence • Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. Or • Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers,Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder.

6. Run-ons • Run-ons are independent clauses that have been combined incorrectly. • There are several types: • The AND run-on • The Fused run-on • The comma splice We will be going into detail on each one

7. The and run on (pg 146) • two or more relatively long independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction without any punctuation. Goal 1 AND per sentence (some situations warrant 2) (Because this has no punctuation, we have to read it in one breath.) • I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA and we liked each other immediately and we soon became friends and we often hang out at each other’s houses.

8. The Fused run on • two or more independent clauses run together without any punctuation. • The girls made the fire the boys cooked the steaks.

9. The comma splice run-on • The comma splice: two or more independent clauses run together with only a comma. • I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA, we soon became friends. • Sounds right? It is actually two separate independent ideas/clauses. We COULD add a ; (semicolon) to make it correct, or we could separate into two sentences.

10. Review: Run ON Kevin bought me a coke so we went to the park together. Kevin bought me a coke, we went to the park together I went to the store and bought a candy bar and who did I see there but Kevin who got me a coke and so we went to the park together. • Fragment= incomplete • 2 or more independent clauses (whole sentences) combined incorrectly. • Too many ANDS (goal 1-2 “and”s per sentence) • Fused • Jammed together with no punctuation • Comma Splice • Jammed together with just a comma (need comma conjunction!!!)

11. Practice- Packet 1. No Change! I'd like to buy a piano, but I really don't have the money right now. 2. Run On! She gives wonderful parties. I can't wait for her next one. 3. Fragment! The people on the park bench who meet every day and eat lunch together. 4. Run on! I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma;my brother lives out there. 5. Run on! He was beaming. He got an A on the exam. 1. I'd like to buy a piano, but I really don't have the money right now. 2. She gives wonderful parties, I can't wait for her next one. 3. The people on the park bench who meet every day and eat lunch together. 4. I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma my brother lives out there. 5. He was beaming he got an A on the exam.

12. Game! • Sentence/Fragment/Run on Free-throw Contest • Each team – choose a shooting order • 1 pt – identify Sentence, Fragment, Run on • 1 pt – correct Fragment, Run on, OR identify Subject/Verb of sentence

13. Using Outlines to Write the Paper Tosspon’s English 155 Heald College

14. Use Outline formAddress EACH reason Child care Should be free! Child care should be free Russia provides it, why can’t we? Free care would prevent abuse and neglect

15. Step 1: write a statement for that reason Essay planning part 2 Step 2: Prove (give examples that support) that statement using a direct quote OR paraphrase Free care would prevent abuse and neglect Parents who neglect their kids do so because care not affordable A 2007 survey of 1,000 children who were left at home unattended found that their parents could not afford child care. Step 3: Explain: What does that SHOW about this topic If childcare was free, it would prevent abuse and neglect Use phrases: This shows that… Step 4: Explain: how does that connect to your THESIS! Because it is unaffordable, they don’t seek childcare My neighbors leave their 4yr old unattended Take each one of your “Reasons” from the topic starter Develop each one more fully into a paragraphwith 2+ examples

16. Direct Quotes • Direct quotation: • Educators are cautioned that “…labels tend to stick, and few people go back later to document a shifting profile of intelligences” (Gardner 139). • Paraphrase with in-text citation: • Gardner explains that there are difficulties in labeling children with a type of intelligence, including the problem that labels may last, while the assessment may change (139).

17. Quote Sandwich

18. Quotation Punctuation Citation: use 1st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or article title) Period goes AFTER the quote

19. Works Cited • Use www.easybib.com • Make sure ALL information is correct • Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE • Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

20. Homework: Final Paper – next week in class we type the rough draft Grammar from textbook