Tossed Salad vs. Melting Pot

1. Tossed Salad vs. Melting Pot Vocabulary and Mini Lessons

2. Choice: A Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King • dispossession - the inability to possess • sensibility- the emotions or feelings expressed • colossal – astonishingly great • literally- actually, in fact • conscience – sense of right and wrong • ephemeral – lasting only a short time

3. “The American Dream” • sublime - grand or noble • cosmic – extremely vast or important • universalism – for all times, places, and people • antithesis – contrast, opposing thought • paradoxes – things that seem to be contradictory • devoid – completely without

4. King’s use of rhetorical devices in his “I Have a Dream” Speech • Simile: a comparison of 2 things with a common quality that uses “like” or “as” • Metaphor: a comparison of 2 things with a common quality that does not use “like” or “as” • Repetition/Anaphora: refers to sounds, words, phases, lines, used more than once to emphasize a point or convey a feeling • Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words to create a fluid rhythm • Allusion: a reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature to draw a comparison

5. Mini Lesson #__ “Taken in Slavery” from Slavery in the United States “Misery Day” and “A Child’s Pain” from To Be A Slave G?: How do readers access the reliability of a source?

6. Primary sources • A first-hand account of an event or place • Examples: diaries, autobiographies, interviews, speeches, letters • (+) has knowledge of intimate details • (-) sometimes too close emotionally to the event to be objective • (-) can only describe the event from his/her perspective • (-) sometimes attempts to sway the reader to his/her own point of view

7. Secondary sources • An account of an event or place based on other sources • Examples: biographies, textbooks, encyclopedias, historical fiction accounts • (+) is generally objective and unbiased • (+) often is a compilation of lots of sources • (-) often does not the intimate details of events

8. Mini Lesson #___“We Will Not Be Chained” By: Edwin Hoey GQ: What makes a drama a drama?

9. drama • Definition: a form of literature in play form meant to be performed by actors before an audience • character’s dialogue and actions tell the story • script – the written form of a play • stage directions – give specific instructions about performing the play • dramatist or playwright – writer of the play

10. Mini Lesson #__“We Will Not Be Chained”By: Edwin Hoey GQ: What literary devices does Hoey use to enrich his writing?

11. Idioms • An expression whose meaning is different from the sum of the meanings of its individual words • “…President Van Buren had another trick up his sleeve…” • “… “…a match in a dry forest…” • there is blood on [the Africans’] hands…”

12. Foreshadowing • Early hints to later developments in the plot • “…Nothing will ever separate us…” • “…You have a gift for words that reach the heart…”

13. Simile • Comparisons using “like” or “as” • “…on their heads is hair much like fine cotton threads…” • “…you speak like a chief…”

14. Irony • What happens is the opposite of what is expected • “…The ship is ‘Amistad,’ Spanish for ‘friendship…” • “…the slaves had become the masters…” • “he rises and turns back toward the ocean he has just crossed, the vast distance into which all those he ever loved have disappeared— forever…”

15. Metaphor • A comparison in which one thing is said to be another • “…We are not cattle to be driven helplessly to the slaughter…” • “…this forest of ropes that hang around us…”

16. Personification • Human qualities attributed to non-humans • “…fate strikes another blow…’ • ‘…the sound is swallowed up by the forest…”

17. quarter – the area in which slaves lived borne – past tense of bear; means “carried” disheveled – messy, untidy instill – to supply gradually dispel – to drive away sullen – showing silent resentment pouty mutinous – rebelling against the leader eloquence – to speak forcefully and persuasively cajoling – urging gently indomitable – unable to be conquered fastidious – difficult to please Similes: The slave’s thin hat was borne on the wind like___. Cajoling and encouraging the runaways, Tubman was like ____. When she said, “Go on with us or die,” Tubman showed that she was as indomitable as ___. 4. The mistreated slaves became as mutinous as ___. from Harriet Tubman: Conductor of the Underground Railroad

18. Mini Lesson #___ “Follow the Drinking Gourd,” By: Bernadine Connelly GQ: What makes historical fiction historical fiction?

19. characteristics of historical fiction • Tells a historical event in a fictional story including plot, character, setting, and theme • May use both real and fictional characters, dialogue, and events • The historical event is often the focus so the author usually researches the historical period to provide accurate details of the events, people, and places • Emphasizes the setting giving the reader clues about when and where the story takes place

20. Examples of historical fiction • My Brother Sam is Dead • Rifles for Watie • Johnny Tremain • Gone with the Wind • All Quiet on the Western Front • Fallen AngelsSunrise over Fallujah

21. “The Drummerboy of Shiloh” vocabulary • “basting themselves” – (here) letting their thoughts pour over them as they turn in their sleep • bindled - bedded • benediction – blessing • riveted – fastened or made firm • compounded – mixed or combined • resolute – showing a firm purpose; determined

22. Mini Lesson #___ “The Drummerboy of Shiloh,” by: Ray Bradbury GQ: What literary devices does Bradbury use to enrich his writing?

23. Personification • The giving of human qualities to the non-human • “…he turned the drum . . . where its great lunar face peered at him . . .” • “…[He wore] brass buttons that watched the boy…” • “…when the sun might not show its face because of what was happening here and just beyond…”

24. similes • A comparison in which one thing is said to be like or as another • “…their rifles, with bayonets fixed like eternal lightning lost in the grass…” • “…[The general] smelled as all fathers should smell, of salt sweat, ginger tobacco…” • “…then their knees would come up in a long line down over the hill … like a wave on the ocean shore…”

25. metaphors • A comparison in which one is said to be another thing • “…You’re the heart of the army…” • “…You’re the general of the army when the general’s left behind…”

26. Extended metaphor • A metaphor that is used repeatedly through a piece of writing • References to peaches remind us of the “peach fuzz” of the boys’ youth • “…a peach stone left miraculously on a branch…” • “…a peach blossom flicked his cheek…” • “…There’s your cheek, fell off the tree overhead…” • “…the peach blossoms fell on the drum…”

27. Allusion • To mention a character from history or literature in a completely different literary setting • “[the title ‘Drummerboy of Shiloh’] has a beat and sound to it fitting for Mr. Longfellow…” refers to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a famous poet during the time of the Civil War)

28. abduction – kidnapping vindictiveness - a desire for revenge revoke – to withdraw or repeal assailant – a person who attacks another denounced – criticized openly falter – to become unsteady or lose confidence, waver tarnishes- disgraces, stains 1. President Lincoln lived with the constant threat of abduction. (cruelty, attack, kidnapping, poverty) 2. Because Lincoln stood by his beliefs, people knew he would never falter. (waver, succeed, collapse, forget) 3. Lincoln decided to revoke the death sentence of a Southern spy. (extend, enable, repeal, ignore) 4. The president did not agree with the vindictiveness of some members of Congress. (boastfulness, cowardice, prejudice, vengefulness) John Wilkes Booth was Lincoln’s assailant. (ally, cousin,. attacker, competitor) from: Lincoln: A Photobiography

29. “The Pedestrian” • pedestrian – a walker • manifest - to show or display plainly • intermittent – starting, stopping, starting over again • regressive tendencies – going back to an earlier condition or level • in this case, time