1 / 21

Understanding Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Processes

Learn about cellular respiration where energy is released from breaking down food molecules with oxygen and the different stages involved, alongside the concepts of fermentation without oxygen. Discover key molecules and steps in these vital cellular processes.

inaa
Download Presentation

Understanding Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Processes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bell Work • Complete Bell Work Sheet • Turn in any back work (Plant Pigment Labs) • Work on Vocab Book

  2. Cellular Respiration Inside the Mitochondria

  3. Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. • There are three parts to cellular respiration: • Glycolysis – takes place in the cytoplasm • Krebs Cycle – takes place in the mitochondria • Electron Transport Chain – takes place in the mitochondria 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Oxygen Glucose Carbon Dioxide Water Energy

  4. High Energy Molecules • NADH – this is a molecule that carries high energy electrons (NAD+ NADH) it acts just like NADPH acted in photosynthesis • FADH2 – this is another molecule that can carry high energy electrons (FAD+ FADH2) • ATP – one of the main chemical compound that living things use to store energy. Created by adding an extra phosphate molecule to ADP. This is the same molecule created in the light dependent reactions during photosynthesis

  5. Glycolysis • Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration where one molecule glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid • Glycolysis uses two ATP molecules to get started, but produces four. • Glycolysis can occur with no oxygen present. • It also removes electrons from the glucose. These electrons bond to NAD+ making it NADH.

  6. Krebs Cycle • Only occurs when oxygen is present • The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and there is broken down into carbon dioxide through a series of steps that release energy from the carbon bonds

  7. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 1 • A carbon atom from the pyruvic acid molecule made during glycolysis is removed. • That carbon combines with two oxygen molecules to make a carbon dioxide molecule • The two carbon atom left over combines with coenzyme A (CoA) making acetyl CoA • This then carries the two carbons to a four carbon group making citric acid

  8. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 2 • A carbon molecule is pulled off of the citric acid molecule along with an electron • This electron is carried by NAD+ as NADH creating a high energy molecule • The carbon that is pulled of is combined with oxygen to make carbon dioxide

  9. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 3 • Another carbon molecule is pulled off of the 5-carbon compound and used to create a molecule of carbon dioxide • The electrons removed are carried by two NAD+ making it NADH and one FAD+ making it FADH2 • An ATP molecule is also created during this step • The end result is a 4 carbon molecule that can be reused in the Kreb’s Cycle (added to acetyl CoA in step 1)

  10. Electron Transport Chain • The electron carrier molecules (FADH2 and NADH) are transferred to the electron transport chain. • This is where the energy from the electrons is used to make more ATP

  11. Electron Transport Chain • The high energy molecules FADH2 and NADH meet up with carrier proteins • The carrier proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane remove the H+ ions and electrons (e-) • The H+ ions begin to build up in the intermembrane space causing it to be positively charged • The H+ ions pass through channel proteins (ATP synthases) causing it to spin • Each rotation it picks up an ADP molecule and attaches a phosphate creating ATP

  12. Total Energy Gains 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 NADH 4 ATP Kreb’s Cycle 6 ATP 36 ATP 2 FADH2 6 NADH 4 ATP Electron Transport Chain 2 FADH2 2 ATP 6 NADH 18 ATP

  13. Cellular Respiration Overview

  14. What do you think happens when there is no oxygen present after glycolysis to make CO2? Lactic Acid Fermentation

  15. Fermentation • The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. • There are two main types of fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation (animals) • Alcohol Fermentation (some microorganisms)

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Sometimes when we exercise, we cannot supply the muscles with enough oxygen to complete the Kreb’s Cycle • Glycolysis can still be completed creating 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 ATP and 2 NADH • The energy from the 2 NADH molecules are used to turn the pyruvic acid into lactic acid • This is done so the NADH can be turned back into NAD+ and be recycled to the glycolysis reactions as electron carriers

  17. Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+

  18. Alcohol Fermentation • Some microorganisms perform a different type of fermentation that turns the pyruvic acid into alcohol and carbon dioxide • Yeasts are one example of a microorganism that uses alcohol fermentation

  19. Consequences of Exercise • You have enough ATP stored in your muscle cells to last long enough to carry you through a 50m sprint • If you continue sprinting lactic acid fermentation can produce enough energy to last one and a half minutes • This is why we have to pace ourselves in long distance runs • When running we break down our stores of glycogen using cellular respiration • This lasts about 15-20 minutes, then we break down other stored molecules like fats. • This is why cardiovascular exercise helps us loose weight

  20. Photosynthesis VS Respiration

  21. Cellular Respiration Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JGXayUyNVw&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCypoN3X7KQ&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNqfPsVAdYk

More Related