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State Building in Africa

State Building in Africa. Africa Africa Africa. Learning Objective. Explain how and why states in Africa developed and changed over time. Note:.

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State Building in Africa

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  1. State Building in Africa Africa AfricaAfrica

  2. Learning Objective • Explain how and why states in Africa developed and changed over time.

  3. Note: • Much of the discussion of states in Africa will be during the next Unit (Unit 2) which deals with trade during this time period. Think of this as an introduction to African societies.

  4. Bantu Migrations • Became the dominant culture of Sub-Saharan Africa • Displaced local people due to • Iron technology • Agriculture • Diseases • Not an invasion, many waves of migrations over hundreds of years

  5. Bantu Society • Polytheistic • Practiced ancestor veneration • Small Chiefdoms and Kin-Based societies • Matrilineal (NOT matriarchal)

  6. States we need to Know Note: those listed in red are specifically tested in Unit II, but we might as well mention them now • Great Zimbabwe • Ethiopia • Hausa kingdoms • Mali • Swahili City-States

  7. Great Zimbabwe

  8. Great Zimbabwe

  9. Great Zimbabwe • City, Center of Zimbabwe Kingdom • Now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe) • stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, • Trading center • Gold • Linked interior Africa to the Swahili and Indian Ocean

  10. Great Zimbabwe, from Strayer Hundreds of miles inland, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, lay rich sources of gold, much in demand on the Swahili coast. The emergence of a powerful state, known as Great Zimbabwe, seems clearly connected to the growing trade in gold to the coast as well as to the wealth embodied in its large herds of cattle. At its peak between 1250 and 1350, Great Zimbabwe had the resources and the labor power to construct huge stone enclosures entirely without mortar, with walls sixteen feet thick and thirty-two feet tall. “[It] must have been an astonishing sight,” writes a recent scholar, "for the subordinate chiefs and kings who would have come there to seek favors at court.”Here in the interior of southeastern Africa lay yet another example of the reach and transforming power of Indian Ocean commerce.

  11. Ethiopia

  12. Ethiopia • Grew out of older Kingdom of Axum • Embraced Christianity • “A Christian Island in sea of Islam” • Cut off from the rest of the Christian world, leads to? • Unique Christian Culture • Syncretism • Ancestor Veneration • Belief in Spirits • Creation of 11 Rock Churches

  13. Hausa Kingdoms • Series of kingdoms in present day Nigeria • Between Niger River and Lake Chad • Shared culture, not unified • Active in trade

  14. Hausa Continued • Linked in the Trans-Saharan trade • Exported slaves, leather, gold, cloth, salt, kola nuts, animal hides, and henna • Islam was brought through trade

  15. Mali

  16. Mali • West African Trading Kingdom founded by Sundiata • Gold and Salt Trade • Famous city of Timbuktu • Leader Mansa Musa goes on famous Hajj to Mecca

  17. Swahili-City States • Active in the Indian Ocean Trade • Links Africa to the Indian Ocean • Arabs, Persians, Indians and Chinese • Blended Bantu and Arabic culture (in the language too) • Muslim

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