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BLOOD

BLOOD. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PART 1. FUNCTIONS of BLOOD . transports substances & maintains homeostasis in the body. Hemo = blood. hemophobia : fear of blood hemostasis : bleeding is under control hematocyte : blood cell hematemesis : vomiting blood hematuria : bloody urine

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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PART 1

  2. FUNCTIONS of BLOOD • transports substances & maintains homeostasis in the body

  3. Hemo = blood • hemophobia: fear of blood • hemostasis: bleeding is under control • hematocyte: blood cell • hematemesis: vomiting blood • hematuria: bloody urine • hematopoiesis: formation of blood cells

  4. Blood • is a type of CT made up of scattered cells & a liquid matrix

  5. What’s in blood? • Cells (45%) • RBCs • WBCs • Platelets (plts) • Plasma (55%) • water, a.a., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste

  6. Hematocrit • vol of blood cells in a sample of blood • blood centrifuged then % cells figured • normal levels: • Newborns: 55-68% • 10 yr olds: 36-40% • Women: 38-46% • Men: 42-54%

  7. RBCs • erythrocytes, hematocytes, corpuscles • formed in bone marrow • shape: biconcave disc • allows for optimal surface area for diffusion of O2 & CO2 • 5 million/mm3 • no nucleus • so no cell division • live about 120 days • then phagocytosed in liver & spleen

  8. RBCs Functions • transport O2 thru out body (lungs  cells) • hemoglobin: (hgb) large protein that O2 attaches to inside RBC • transports CO2 thru out body (cells  lungs)

  9. Hemoglobin

  10. Hemoglobin • oxyhemoglobin: plenty of oxygen being carried in RBCs, blood is bright red • deoxyhemoglobin: not carrying much oxygen, blood is burgundy-red

  11. Iron • critical element needed to make hgb & normal RBCs • most of body’s Fe is in RBCs • in heme portion

  12. Erythropoietin • hormone secreted by kidneys stimulates formation of more RBCs by bone marrow • requires: vit B12 & Folic Acid

  13. White Blood Cells (WBCs) • leukocytes • general function: defend the body against pathogens

  14. White Blood Cells

  15. White Blood Cells

  16. Platelets (plts) • thrombocytes • cell fragments formed from megakaryocyte, live ~4 days • help initiate formation of blood clots • release clotting factors

  17. Plasma • 92% water • Functions: • transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, hormones • maintain fluid & electrolyte balance • maintains normal pH

  18. Plasma Proteins • Albumins • made in liver • maintain osmotic pressure & blood vol. • Globulins • α & β, from liver • transport lipids & fat-soluble vitamins • Fibrinogen • from liver, largest of plasma proteins • in blood clotting  fibrin

  19. Hemostasis • process of stopping bleeding • blood vessel spasm • damaged vessel  smooth muscle to contract  slows or stops blood loss • plts release serotonin (vasoconstrictor) • plt plug forms • plts become sticky forming plug over damaged area • Coagulation • forms hematoma/fibrinogen  fibrin

  20. Coagulation • when tissue damaged  damaged cells release prothrombin activator (with Ca++) • prothrombin  thrombin • thrombin acts as enzyme to cause fibrinogen  fibrin • fibrin traps plts & RBCs to form hematoma (blood clot w/in vessel)

  21. Coagulation Pathway

  22. Clotting Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uU

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