The 13 Colonies and their Identities

1. The 13 Colonies and their Identities The New England Colonies The Middle Colonies The Southern Colonies

2. The New England Colonies • Massachusettes • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut

3. Massachusettes • Settled by the English and Puritans • Reason for the settlement --- to escape religious persecution • Established in 1620 • The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trade

4. New Hampshire • Settled by the English and Puritans • Reason for settlement – to gain economic wealth • Established in 1623 • The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

5. Rhode Island • Settled by the English and Puritans • Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution • Established in 1636 • The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

6. Connecticut • Settled by the English and Puritans • Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution • Established in 1636 • The economy consisted of small farms, fishing and trading

7. Middle Colonies • New York (New Netherland) • Delaware • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • The river valleys had rich soil and mild winters. Conditions were favorable for farming and raising livestock.

8. New York (New Netherland) • Settled by the Dutch West India Company, also Swedes, English (Puritans), Germans, and Africans • Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants) • Established in 1624 • The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship • A patroon—a person who brought 50 settlers would receive as an award land and special privileges in hunting, fishing and trading

9. Delaware • Settled by the Swedes and then taken over by the Dutch. English, Germans, and Africans also arrived • Reason for the settlement – to escape religious persecution • Established in 1638 • The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship

10. New Jersey • Settled by the Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans • Reason for the settlement – to gain economic wealth and religious tolerance (freedom) (Catholics, Jews, Quakers, and Protestants) • The economy consisted of cash crops (farming and trading) and craftsmanship • Established in 1664

11. Pennsylvania • Land was given as a repayment of a loan to Wm. Penn. • The name means “Penn’s Woods” • A very diverse population with religious tolerance—equality for all • Established in 1681 • One of the wealthiest of the American colonies. • The economy was cash crops and craftsmanship

12. Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia • Soil and climate were suitable for growing tobacco, rice and indigo.

13. Virginia • Settled by the English and Africans (slaves) • Reason for the settlement was to gain economic wealth • Established in 1607 • The economy was made up of plantations

14. Maryland • Settled by the English and Africans (slaves) • Established for Roman Catholics escaping persecution • Tough labor and therefore attracted FEW women as settlers • Established in1632 • The economy was based on tobacco, which required backbreaking work • Most of the laborers came as either servants or slaves

15. North and South Carolina • Originally the Carolinas were one large colony • Established in 1663 • Divided into 2 colonies in 1729 • Settled by English settlers from Barbados • Settled for religious freedom and to gain economic wealth • The economy was driven by cutting timber, raising cattle and trading with the Native Americans • The Carolina colonists needed laborers to grow rice and indigo. The English encouraged the use of enslaved Africans and Native Americans who they sold into slavery

16. Georgia • Founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors • English, Swiss, German, and Scottish settled in Georgia • Established in 1732 • The economy was driven by plantations

17. Summary • New England: Commerce and Religion Distinguished by its small farming towns and profitable fishing and trade

18. Summary • The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities Farms produced large cash crops that fueled trade in its coastal cities.

19. Summary • The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery The plantation economy and large number of enslaved Africans made it different from the other regions

20. The Backcountry • The Backcountry was different from the denser coastal population, so settlers developed a more independent and rugged way of life.

21. The Middle Passage • This was the route that the ships took to bring enslaved Africans to the West Indies. • These Africans were experienced farmers and were also immune to European diseases.