1 / 9

The Atom

The Atom. What is an Atom?. Atom : Smallest unit of all matter (building blocks) 3 Main Parts: 1) Proton (+ charge) 2) Neutron (0 charge) 3) Electron (- charge) Protons & Electrons usually equal

indira-eaton
Download Presentation

The Atom

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Atom

  2. What is an Atom? • Atom: Smallest unit of all matter (building blocks) • 3 Main Parts: • 1) Proton (+ charge) • 2) Neutron (0 charge) • 3) Electron (- charge) • Protons & Electrons usually equal • Elements (substance made of only 1 type of atom) are identified on the Periodic Table (page R36)

  3. Atomic Number: Number of protons (+) determines the type of atom Atomic Mass: Combined protons and neutrons inside the nucleus How many neutrons does Carbon contain? Reading the Periodic Table

  4. What’s the: 4 • Atomic number of Beryllium? B) Atomic mass of Beryllium? C) How many protons? D) How many electrons? E) How many neutrons? 9 4 (the atomic #) 4 (protons & electrons usually equal) 5 (9 protons & neutrons – 4 protons = 5 neutrons)

  5. Electron Cloud • Electrons orbit the nucleus in “energy levels” 1st level: • closest to nucleus • stable w/ 2 electrons) 2nd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons 3rd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons • Atoms are stable & unreactive when the outermost level is “full”

  6. Molecules • Molecule: 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond • Form when atoms are unstable (outer electron level not full) • Covalent Bond: Chemical bond where atoms share electrons • Ex: Oxygen atom • Why unstable? Only 6 electrons in outer energy level • What happens? Each oxygen atom will share two electrons with the other oxygen • End result? Both will have 8 electrons in its outer level (O2 is created)

  7. Ionic Bonds e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e • Ionic bond: chemical bond where electrons are gained/lost • Held together by magnetic attraction • Cause: 1 atom may steal an electron from another • Ion: + or – charged atom • Ex: Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride e e e e e e e e e e e + -

  8. Na atomic number = 11 Before the bonding Cl atomic number = 17 After the bond 11+ 17+ 11+ 17+ 10- 18- 11- 17- +1 -1 0 0

  9. Quick Review • Atoms become stable when their outer electron level is “full” • Molecules created when 2 or more atoms combine together • Covalent Molecules: share electrons • Ions: lose and gain electrons

More Related