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Understanding Digestive System in Human Anatomy | Digestion, Organs, Functions

Learn about digestion - breaking down food for absorption, the alimentary canal, accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Explore the process, from the mouth to the large intestine in anatomy and physiology.

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Understanding Digestive System in Human Anatomy | Digestion, Organs, Functions

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  1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter 3

  2. Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be absorbed, for instance, into a blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism; a break-down of macro food molecules to smaller ones.

  3. Anatomy/Physiology • Responsible for the intake, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste. • Alimentary Canal (GI tract) • Aliment/o - to nourish

  4. Accessory Digestive Organs • Teeth • tongue • salivary glands • liver • gallbladder • pancreas

  5. Oral Cavity • Mouth (bucca, tongue) • papillae • Teeth • Mastication • dentin • pulp • gingiva

  6. Teeth • Maxillary arch (upper) • Mandibular arch (lower) • anterior teeth for biting and tearing • posterior teeth for chewing and grinding • dent/i - teeth • decidu/o - shedding • Primary - 20 teeth • Permanent - 32 teeth

  7. Oral Cavity • Palate, hard and soft • bolus • Pharynx • Uvula • Esophagus • Epiglottis

  8. Esophagus • Gullet • chyme • cardiac, or lower esophageal or gastroesophageal sphincter

  9. Stomach • Body, fundus • pylorus • rugae • pyloric sphincter Fundus Body

  10. Small Intestine • small bowel • enter/o - small intestine • villi • Parts • duodenum • jejunum • ileum • ileocecal valve

  11. Large Intestine • Large Bowel • col/o or colon/o • cecum • vermiform appendix

  12. Colon • ascending • hepatic flexure • transverse • splenic flexure • descending • Sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  13. Liver - hepat/o • Functions • production of bile • glucose - glycogen • storage of vitamins, B12, A, D, E, K • erythrocytolysis (pigment released eliminated in bile called bilirubin) • bilirubin gives stool its characteristic dark color • removes toxins from blood • manufactures blood proteins

  14. Pancreas • internal - endocrine function • insulin • glucogon • external - exocrine function • amylase - carbohydrates • trypsin, chymotrypsin - proteins • lipase - fats • enzymes inactive until reach duodenum

  15. Gallbladder • pear-shaped sac under the liver • chol/e means bile or gall • cyst/o means cyst or sac • gallbladder contracts forcing bile out cystic duct into common bile duct.

  16. Bile • bile is a digestive juice- emulsifier acts on fat in a way that lipid enzymes can digest fat • travels via hepatic duct to cystic duct to gall bladder, where stored • bile consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin (a colored substance resulting from breakdown of hemoglobin) • bilirubin gives bile yellow or orange color

  17. Stomach during Digestion • Gastric juices • HCL - activates enzymes • protease • pepsin • lipase • Chyme

  18. Small Intestine during Digestion • digestion completed in small intestine • chyme mixed with bile and pancreatic juices • emulsification • absorption

  19. Large Intestine • receive fluid waste products and store until released from body. • excess water absorbed • feces, stools • defecation, or bowel movement

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