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Chapter 43 The Nurse in Occupational Health

Chapter 43 The Nurse in Occupational Health. Objectives. Describe the nursing role in occupational health. Discuss current trends in the United States workforce. Give examples of work-related illness and injuries. Use the epidemiological model to explain work-health interactions.

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Chapter 43 The Nurse in Occupational Health

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  1. Chapter 43The Nurse in Occupational Health

  2. Objectives Describe the nursing role in occupational health. Discuss current trends in the United States workforce. Give examples of work-related illness and injuries. Use the epidemiological model to explain work-health interactions. Cite at least three host factors associated with increased risk from an adverse response to hazardous workplace exposure.

  3. Objectives, Cont’d Explain one example each for biological, chemical, enviromechanical, physical, and psychosocial workplace hazards. Complete an occupational health history. Differentiate between the functions of OSHA and NIOSH. Explain an effective disaster plan in occupational health.

  4. Definition and Scope Occupational and environmental health nursing: Specialty practice that focuses on the promotion, prevention, and restoration of health within the context of a safe and healthy environment American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) AAOHN Code of Ethics

  5. History and Evolution 1888: Industrial nursing started Employee health service grew rapidly during early 1900s Provision of worksite health services led to a more productive workforce Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Created OSHA and NIOSH 1993: Office of Occupational Health Nursing was established 1999: AAOHN published its first set of competencies in occupational health nursing

  6. Roles and Professionalism Role has extended beyond emergency treatment and prevention of illness and injury to include promotion and maintenance of health, overall risk management, care for environment, and efforts to reduce health-related costs in businesses Occupational health nurses hold positions as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, managers, supervisors, consultants, educators, and researchers.

  7. Workers as a Population Aggregate Characteristics of the Workforce Characteristics of Work Work-Health Interactions

  8. Characteristics of the Workforce Shift from manufacturing to service Longer hours, compressed workweeks, shift work, reduced job security, part-time and temporary work New chemicals, materials, processes, and equipment Changing workforce Older and more racially diverse

  9. Characteristics of Work Shift in types of jobs From agrarian to manufacturing to technological New occupational hazards Complex chemicals Nanotechnology Non-ergonomic workstation design Work organization issues Job stress Burnout Exhaustion Global economy

  10. Work-Health Interactions In 2007, 3.9 work injuries and occupational illnesses per 100 workers Occupational injuries alone cost billions in lost wages and lost productivity, administrative expenses, health care, and other costs (2007). Many work-related health problems go unreported Changes to decrease workplace injuries

  11. Application of the Epidemiological Model Host All employed individuals and groups are at risk of being exposed to occupational hazards Agent Occupational exposures that are classified as biological, chemical, enviromechanical, physical, or psychosocial Environment Workplace conditions, such as temperature extremes, crowding, shift work, and inflexible management styles

  12. Organizational and Public Efforts to Promote Worker Health and Safety Unless they have OSHA-regulated exposures, businesses are not required to provide occupational health and safety services that meet any specified standards On-site occupational health and safety programs

  13. Nursing Care of Working Populations Levels of prevention Worker assessment Occupational health history Workplace assessment Worksite walk-though or survey

  14. Worksite Assessment Guide

  15. Healthy People 2020 Occupational safety and health objectives were identified to promote good health and well-being among workers, including the elimination and reduction of elements in occupational environments that cause death, injury, disease, or disability. Promotes the minimization of personal damage from existing occupationally related illness

  16. Legislation Mine Safety and Health Act of 1968 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Hazards Communication Standard National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Workers’ Compensation Acts Vary by state

  17. Disaster Planning and Management Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Required written disaster plans be shared with key resources in the community. Effective disaster plans

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