Module 1: Foundation of health emergency response operation

1. Module 1: Foundation of health emergency response operation

2. Module description • This module introduces the key concepts, principles and frameworks of emergency management system, which serves as the foundation of health emergency response operation. • It covers the functional and organizational elements of Emergency Operation Center • It discusses the organizations, significant systems (ex. Coordination), resources and partners. • Describes how the functional elements of emergency management work together to produce a coherent, appropriately scaled response

3. Module Objectives At end of this module the participants will be able to: • Relate ERO in the overall Emergency Management Framework • Describe Emergency Response Operation • Discuss the elements of Emergency Operation Center • Apply the principles of an EOC ; and • Develop a plan to improve coordination in their own setting

4. Module Content: • Emergency Management Framework • Health Emergency Response • Emergency Operation Center and Health Emergency Operation Center • Coordination and Interoperability at different levels

5. Session 1: Emergency Management Framework Session Objective: • At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency Response Operation

6. Q & A Give 3 examples of the following terms: • Hazard • Risk • Vulnerability • Emergency • Disaster • Community • Capacity

7. A Logical Framework of Terminology Hazard • Any potential threat to public safety and/or public health

8. Types of hazards • Natural hazards • Examples: typhoons, flood, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, tsunami, drought • Technological hazards • Examples: fire, chemical spill, industrial incidents, transportation accidents, radio-nuclear incidents • Biological hazards • Examples: disease outbreaks, Red Tide Phenomenon, Food poisoning, etc • Societal hazards • Examples: Rallies, war, armed conflict, Stampede

9. A Logical Framework of Terminology Risk Anticipated consequences of specific hazard interacting with specific community (at specific time) Hazard COMMUNITY (Vulnerable) RISKS People Property Services Environment Livelihood Capacity Emergency Disaster “Risk Management”

10. A Logical Framework of Terminology • Vulnerabilities • Factors which increase the risks arising from specific hazard in specific community • Determinants of risks Hazard COMMUNITY (Vulnerable) RISKS People Property Services Environment Livelihood Capacity Emergency Disaster “Risk Management” “Risk Management”

11. “Vulnerable Groups” • Those who because of constraints of an economic, social, ethnic, biological, physical or geographical nature, are less able to cope with the impact of hazards than other members of their community or society • Vulnerabilitiesare: • Intrinsic - specific to the individual - age, sex, health status, mobility, literacy, habits, behaviour etc • Extrinsic - shared by groups within a community - location, environment, poverty, availability of services, culture etc.

12. A Logical Framework of Terminology Community • is a legally constituted administrative local government unit of a country

13. Elements of the community exposed to hazards

14. A Logical Framework of Terminology Capacities • are determinants of risk • An assessment of ability to manage an emergency (risk modifier) – total capacity is measured as readiness Hazard COMMUNITY (Vulnerable) RISKS People Property Services Environment Livelihood People Property Services Environment Livelihood Capacity Emergency Disaster

15. Examples of Capacities • Laws, policies, plans, procedures • Trained personnel; knowledge, skills and attitudes • Code alert systems • Institutional arrangements • Management structures • Facilities, material resources “Risk Management”

16. Ten key elements of preparedness • Legal Framework • Plans • Resources • Authority • Knowledge • Skills • Awareness • Policies • Procedures • Guidelines National, provincial, local, agency and institutional level Personal and community level

17. A Logical Framework of Terminology Emergency • An actual threat to public safety and/or public health

18. A Logical Framework of Terminology Disaster • Any actual threat to public safety and/or public health where local government and the emergency services are unable to meet the immediate needs of the community

19. Emergency • An exceptional event of any magnitude that produces damage and injury and potentially exceeds the capacity of normal resources to cope • Effects ranging from localized incidents with limited consequences to wide area disasters with catastrophic consequences • Often referred to as incidents or events, with the terms used interchangeably

20. Emergency Management • Comprehensive strategy of building, utilizing and restoring capacities employed in addressing the actual threat to public health and safety • A discipline dealing with the assessment, reduction and avoidance of excessive risk; • It is sometimes referred to as disaster management

21. Emergency Management • Organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, in particularly preparedness, response and rehabilitation

22. Emergency Management • It involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the normal endeavors of government, voluntary and private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs.

23. Exercise 1 Describe your roles as Health Emergency Manager?

24. Emergency Management Framework Disaster Impact Response Preparedness Recovery Mitigation Prevention

25. Successful Emergency Management System • Focus decisions and resources on priority objectives • Support sustained, high levels of collaboration and communication • Provide systemic accountability mechanisms • Designed to address a number of principles

26. Emergency management systems Principles • Based on an all-hazard approach • Modular, scalable or adaptable organization • Support for joint engagement of multiple organizations in management decisions • Clear lines of accountability • Clearly defined roles and responsibilities • Clear procedures for activation, escalation, and demobilization of emergency capacities

27. Emergency management systems Principles • Common functional groupings and consistent terminology • Integrated with stakeholder agencies • Mechanisms involving all stakeholders and users of EOC in its design, operational planning and evaluation • Provision of capacity to manage public communications opportunities as part of the response to emergencies

28. Risk Management • is a comprehensive strategy for reducing threats and consequences to public health and safety of communities by: • preventing exposure to hazards (target = hazards) • reducing vulnerabilities (target group = community) • developing response and recovery capacities (target group = response agencies)

29. Risk Management • In Risk Management, the primary concern is to manage the risks. • The manager has to identify the possible risks that can result if a hazard interacts with a community, and efforts must be directed towards building community capacities to manage these risks.

30. Risk Management Framework Vulnerable Community Risks Hazard Capacity Emergency Disaster

31. Relationship of Risk Management Terms RISK = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY CAPACITY

32. Non-Disaster Emergency Local capacities can cope Hazard Technological Biological Natural Societal Surge in demand Local services intact Services may or may not be sufficient Threat to Public Safety + Disaster Emergency International, national, and local response needed Community People Property Services Livelihood Environment Surge in Demand Local services cannot function normally Resources damaged, destroyed, inadequate or insufficient

33. Risks and vulnerabilities are specific to the five elements of the community Hazard: Earthquake

34. Risk Management Vulnerable Hospital Environment Risks Environment Hazard Poor Access to safe water Poor Access to sanitation Diarrhea outbreak Death Natural Technological Biological Societal (ERO) Capacity Emergency Disaster

35. Risks Assessment Process

36. Risks Assessment Process

37. Risks Management Process Hospital Emergency Awareness and Response Training ‘09 “Risk Management”

38. Risks Reduction “Risk Management”

39. Emergency Response Operation • Measures undertaken in responding to emergencies • Includes operationalization of appropriate systems and procedures emergencies • Emergency Response Operation involves • responsibilities • management structures • resource and information management • SOPs • ERO focus on protecting life, property, essential services delivery and the environment

40. Exercise In the first week of operations for emergency response, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager?

41. Synthesis of the Session: • Demonstration and Return Demonstration of the seven terms of Risk Management.

42. “All disasters are emergencies but not all emergencies are disasters”

43. Session 1: Emergency Management Framework Session Objective: • At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency Response Operation

44. THANK YOU!