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U.S. Nuclear Power Sister Plant Radiological Effluent Release Comparisons

U.S. Nuclear Power Sister Plant Radiological Effluent Release Comparisons. J.T. Harris 1,3 , D.W. Miller 2,3 1 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; 2 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 3 North American Technical Center, Urbana, IL. Outline. Introduction

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U.S. Nuclear Power Sister Plant Radiological Effluent Release Comparisons

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  1. U.S. Nuclear Power Sister Plant Radiological Effluent Release Comparisons J.T. Harris1,3, D.W. Miller2,31Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; 2University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;3North American Technical Center, Urbana, IL 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  2. Outline • Introduction • NATC U.S. Effluent Database • Effluent Release Trends • Dose Determination • U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • Conclusions 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  3. Introduction • Effluent Tracking • Liquid and gaseous effluents • BNL Collected and tabulated US NPP effluent data prior to 1994 • 1996 NATC asked to take over task (as independent scientific organization for UNSCEAR) • Since 1998, NATC has collected and performed research on effluent data from NRC and licensees (support of UNSCEAR, EPRI, NEI, ANI, licensees and universities) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  4. Introduction • NATC U.S. Effluent Database • In 2000, NATC program became known as the Public Radiation Safety Program • Goals include: • development and maintenance of database for use by NPPs, regulatory bodies and scientific analysis • Expanded trend analysis and discussion of effluent data • Standardized entry form development for licensee use • Establishment of effluent website for general use • Establishment of an effluent expert group • (Expanded to radwaste) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  5. Introduction • Data Compilation and Purpose • Current (Ongoing) Study • Evaluate significance, if any, of NPP effluent releases in terms of trends, dose commitments and benchmarking (emphasis on sister plant comparisons) • Analysis of data from 1994-2002 (2003 in progress) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  6. NATC U.S. Effluent Database • Developed to satisfy needs of U.S. and international organizations • Format – U.S. NRC Reg. Guide 1.21 reports and UNSCEAR • Raw and un-normalized values (Ci and GBq) for individual units and sites (operating and shutdown) • Normalized values (activity vs. net electrical energy, not the best) • Collective effective dose calculated (UNSCEAR) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  7. Effluent Release Trends • Important to evaluate release trends, especially as nuclear power generation steadily increases in the U.S. • Trends evaluated for un-normalized and normalized data (better reflect particular operating conditions and no skewed values, but public doesn’t care) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  8. Effluent Release Trends • 8-year period fairly constant, with slight decreases in some categories 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  9. Effluent Release Trends • 8-year period fairly constant, with slight decreases in some categories 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  10. Dose Determination • Dose determination performed to evaluate the human effects of effluents • Currently NATC uses UNSCEAR effluent dose assessment model (for average trends) • Uses “representative” environmental conditions and population density • Collective effective dose per unit of electrical energy generated (normalized release divided by calculated collective doses per unit release – from dose pathway models) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  11. Dose Determination • Total BWR and PWR effluent collective effective doses (very low – highest value 0.12% annual limit) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  12. U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • Commercial nuclear power industry has long used benchmarking studies to promote excellence in plant work management and operation practices • Other organizations also benchmark (U.S. NRC, ANI, INPO, and NATC) • Reductions in plant RETS-REMP programs have led to concern among U.S. NRC and ANI- thus it is even more important now to further monitor and compare effluent releases • Performance ranks lead to increased scrutiny 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  13. U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • Current study – ranking/comparing releases by plant design (sister plants)- un-normalized data (within and between groups) • BWR sister plants • GE: BWR-2, BWR-3, BWR-4, BWR-5, BWR-6 • PWR sister plants • B&W 2 Loop, CE 2 Loop, Westinghouse 2 Loop, 3 Loop (Gen 1 & 2), 3-Loop (Gen 1) and 4 Loop (Gen 1 & 2) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  14. U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • BWR Results Average Effluent Release Average Collective Effective Doses 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  15. U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • PWR Results Average Effluent Release Average Collective Effective Doses 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  16. U.S. Commercial NPP Benchmarking • Results • BWR • Effluent release values very wide ranging • No obvious trends • Age affect (newer plants, higher liquids; older plants, higher gaseous) • PWR • Wide ranging but more consistent with each other (compared to BWR designs) • No affect from age • U.S. NPP effluent data never presented this way 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  17. Conclusions • Development of U.S. Effluent database has been used to provide data to utilities, UNSCEAR, U.S. NRC and CEPN (European Technical Center) • Calculated “average” CEDs give indication of how low effluent releases are and can be used for international comparisons • Sister plant breakdowns give additional tool for utilities and new perspective for comparison • However, more studies need to be performed to truly grasp effluent releases, as releases are not dictated solely by electrical generation • Other studies underway - complete inventory of radioactive materials solid radwaste), work practices, individual isotopes, radwaste systems • Use of standardized report and expert group • More discussion through RETS-REMP workshop • Discussion with UNSCEAR • Effluent data important for future (baseline data for new siting, radionuclide buildup in the environment and public perception) 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

  18. Thank you!! Questions? 14th Annual RETS/REMP Workshop June 28-30, 2004

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