1 / 34

Roger Williams is best known in American history as

. . Get Ready!. Roger Williams is best known in American history as A. an advocate in uniting the church and state into a theocracy. B. an early champion of religious freedom. C. the chief justice at the Salem witch trials. D. the founder of New Hampshire.

inoke
Download Presentation

Roger Williams is best known in American history as

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. . Get Ready! • Roger Williams is best known in American history as • A. an advocate in uniting the church and state into a theocracy. • B. an early champion of religious freedom. • C. the chief justice at the Salem witch trials. • D. the founder of New Hampshire. • E. the first royal governor of Massachusetts. • In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to • A. provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers. • B. gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish-held Florida. • C. make a financial profit. • D. provide a refuge for persecuted Christians of all sects from all parts of Europe. • E. provide a refuge for English debtors.

  2. August 31, 2012 • Complete Objective 1 notes • Clips from ROOTS • Begin Unit Vocabulary • Distribute and Read Chapter 3 for Homework!

  3. The Colonial Regions • The values of the migrants dictated the “personality” of the newly created colonies; led to distinct (not unified) colonies -The Southern Colonies -The Middle Colonies -The New England Colonies Follow along with your map… Maryland and Virginia are also known as the Chesapeake Colonies.

  4. European Settlements in North America by 1660

  5. The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth • After Walter Raleigh's failed Roanoke - 1584 settlement, there was little interest in colonizing America…however…. • Possibilities for wealth • Rivaling Spain, Holland, France • Nationalism, anti-Catholicism, & anti-Spanish zeal

  6. Entrepreneurs in Virginia • The major obstacle to colonizing in America was funding; Queen Elizabeth would not spend tax revenue: • Joint-stock companies provided financing for colonies • In 1606, King James gave the London Company the 1st charter to establish colonies in America

  7. Entrepreneurs in Virginia • Jamestown was settled in 1607 along the Chesapeake Bay: • the location was unhealthy but easy to defend from Spanish ships (but not from inland Indians) • Settlers had no experience in founding a settlement • Colonists expected to become immediately wealthy & failed to plant crops or prepare for long-term habitation in America Chesapeake colonists did not work for the common good & many starved to death

  8. The 1622 Powhatan uprising killed 347 Powhatan Confederacy

  9. Saved by a “Stinking Weed” • In 1618, headrights were used to encourage cultivation of tobacco & the settlement of Jamestown: • A 50-acre lot was granted to each colonist who paid for his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony • Led to huge tobacco plantations & thousands of new settlers who hoped to make their fortunes

  10. Virginia House of Burgesses • In 1619, Virginia colonists created a legislative assembly to create local taxes & oversee finances • The Virginia House of Burgesses became the first representative governing body of The New World

  11. How Many Slaves? • In 1619, the 1st African slaves arrived in Jamestown • In the 17th century, 1,000 slaves arrived in the New World per year • Through the 18th century, 5.5 million arrived in America • By 1860, 11 million slaves were brought to the New World • Before 1831, more African slaves came to America than Europeans

  12. Population of the Chesapeake Colonies: 1607-1750

  13. Time of Reckoning • Despite the profits from tobacco, Virginia was a deadly place to live • Many died from disease • Numerous Powhatan attacks • Indentured servants were treated badly & cheated out of land when servitude ended • Few females (6:1 ratio) made families or reproduction difficult There was temporary relief and order brought about by Captain John Smith

  14. Corruption and Reform • In 1624, James I dissolved the Virginia Company & made Virginia a royal colony • But colonists continued to meet in the House of Burgesses • VA was divided into 8 counties each with a county court • Very little changed; Jamestown colonists still focused on tobacco & continued to lack unity

  15. Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics • Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as a refuge for English Catholics • In 1632, Charles I granted a charter for Maryland • To recruit laborers, Lord Baltimore required toleration among Catholics & Protestants • Wealthy Catholics proved unwilling to relocate to America so Maryland became populated largely by poor Protestant farmers & indentured servants: • Maryland had few large tobacco plantations • Farmers (mostly poor tobacco planters) lived in scattered riverfront settlements

  16. New England Colonies, 1650

  17. The Pilgrims in Plymouth • Pilgrims were separatists who refused to worship in the Anglican Church, fled to Holland to avoid compromising religious beliefs • Migrated to America in order to maintain distinct identity & settled in New England • Formed the Mayflower Compact to create a “civil body politick” among settlers (became the 1st American form of self-gov’t)

  18. The “Mayflower Compact” Reading & Discussion • What are the Pilgrims agreeing to do by signing the Mayflower Compact? • Is this a religious or a political document? Explain

  19. “The Great Migration” • Puritans were more conservative than Pilgrims & wished to remain within the Church of England: • Believedinpredestination,fought social sins, & despised Catholic rituals in the Anglican Church • In 1629, many Puritans felt King Charles I was ruining England • From 1630-1640, John Winthrop led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony

  20. “A City on a Hill” • Winthrop emphasized a common spiritual goal: to create a “city on a hill” as a beacon of righteousness • New England experienced unique demographic & social trends: • Settlers usually came as families • NE was a generally healthy place to live • Settlers sacrificed self-interest for the good of the community

  21. Limits of Dissent: Roger Williams • Puritans never supported religious toleration- Roger Williams: • Williams was a separatist who questioned the validity of the colony’s charter because the landwasnotboughtfromnatives • Promoted “liberty of conscience” where God (not leaders) would punish people for their “wrong” religious ideas • Expelled to, then founded, Rhode Island in 1636

  22. Limits of Dissent: Anne Hutchinson • Anne Hutchinson believed she was directly inspired by God: • Believed that “converted” people are not subject to man’s laws, only subject to God’s laws (Antinomianism) faith vs. deeds • Hutchinson challenged Mass Bay’s religious leaders • ShewasbanishedtoRhodeIsland

  23. The Middle Colonies:New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

  24. The Middle Colonies, 1685

  25. New York • NY was established as “New Netherlands” by the Dutch West India Co. (the great economic rival to England & Spain) • Its small population was diverse; included Finns, Swedes, Germans, Africans, & Dutch • In 1664, the English fleet captured the colony with little resistance

  26. Pennsylvania - 1681 • Pennsylvania founded by a radical religious sect called Quakers • Quakers believed in “Inner Light”: • Rejected idea of original sin & predestination • Believed that each person could communicate directly with God • All are equal in eyes of God & can be saved (conversion was essential to faith) • The land is for us to share… • “Holy Experiment”

  27. William Penn & Native Americans Quick Discussion Question: In what ways was Penn’s “holy experiment” in Pennsylvania similar to Winthrop’s “city on a hill?”

  28. Urban Population Growth: 1650-1775 Why do you think Urban Growth followed this trend?

  29. Settling the Lower South

  30. Indigo & Rice: crops of the Carolinas

  31. Founding of Georgia Georgia was in many ways a “social utopia” because it offered a fresh start for many of the lowest English citizens • Georgia was founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a strategic buffer between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida • Oglethorpe offered Georgia as a refuge for imprisoned debtors from England • By 1751, Georgia was a small colony with a slave-owning plantation society

  32. A secretary of one of the proprietors was John Locke The Proprietary Colonies By Lord Baltimore as a heaven for Catholics 8 proprietors hoped to create a politically democratic colony Granted to William Penn (son of a English naval hero) as a land of religious freedom • Most English colonies were created by royal charter, but some had charters granted land to individuals: • Maryland (1634) • Carolina (1663) • New York (1664) • New Jersey (1665) • New Hampshire (1680) • Pennsylvania (1681) • Delaware (1704)

  33. Closure Question • Did any of these colonies live up to the expectations of their founders: • Virginia? • Massachusetts Bay? • Carolina? • Pennsylvania? • Which colony would you have chosen to live in? Why?

More Related