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The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in New Zealand. How significantly was Christchurch affected, and what was done to reduce the impact?. 1918 Influenza Epidemic – in this presentation. Influenza Outbreak of 1918 – The Global Picture The Niagara – New Zealand’s most controversial ship?
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The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in New Zealand How significantly was Christchurch affected, and what was done to reduce the impact?
1918 Influenza Epidemic – in this presentation • Influenza Outbreak of 1918 – The Global Picture • The Niagara – New Zealand’s most controversial ship? • The first and second waves – Swine Flu anyone? • The Death Rates • The Inhalation Chambers – New Zealand’s critical mistake • Instructions to nurses • The Boy Scouts • The Affected Services
Influenza Outbreak of 1918 – The Global Picture Clockwise from top-left: The Walter-Reed Flu Ward USA, 1918 Flu in Oakland CA USA, The American Red-Cross practice relief efforts, Influenza Virus Research. Photo sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_in_Oakland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_outbreak2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Influenza_virus_research.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SpanishFluWardWalterReed.jpg 1
The most controversial ship to enter New Zealand’s borders? The RMS Niagara or ‘Titanic of the Pacific’ as it was called, was blamed by many for bringing the Influenza Virus to New Zealand in 1918. Photo Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Niagara.gif 2
Article from The Press in October 1918 showing that at this stage there was no real cause for panic. This article also mentions a suggestion of quarantining infected ships. Source: The Christchurch Press, October 11 1918. 3
Left: Death Rates Table for Christchurch and the suburbs Above: Influenza Death Rates table for various New Zealand regions Data Source: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/1918-influenza-pandemic/ 4
The Cathedral Square Inhalation Chambers – the spray is a zinc-sulphate mixture which is medically useless, which appeared to be unknown at the time. Photo Sources: http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/photos/disc2/img0052.asp from The Christchurch Press 4 December 1918 (left), http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/photos/disc18/img0052.asp from The New Zealand Herald 5 November 1918 (right) 5
A poster issued by the New Plymouth Public Health Committee instructing nurses on how to handle patients with Influenza. These posters were released by District Health Boards and were common throughout New Zealand. Source: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/influenza-instructions-nurses 6
Local boy scouts deliver food and medical supplies to families affected by the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Source: http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/photos/disc2/img0048.asp from The Christchurch Press, 4 December 1918 7
Articles in The Star in late November 1918. The worst of the epidemic was over, however many services were still affected. Source: The Christchurch Star, Thursday November 28 1918 8
Bibliography • Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives Vol II 1919, H-31 and H-31A. • The Christchurch Press, 11 October 1918 • The Star, Thursday November 28 1918 • Rice, Geoffrey 'Black November: The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in New Zealand'. Wellington, Allen and Unwin New Zealand Limited,1988.
Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic - Accessed on June 27 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H1N1 - Accessed on June 27 2009 • http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/kids/nzdisasters/influenzaepidemic.asp - Accessed on July 16 2009 • http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Heritage/LocalHistory/1918Influenza/ - Accessed on 16 July 2009 • http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/influenza-pandemic-1918 - Accessed on 16 July 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_in_Oakland.jpg – accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_outbreak2.jpg– Accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Influenza_virus_research.jpg - Accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SpanishFluWardWalterReed.jpg– Accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_in_Oakland.jpg – accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1918_flu_outbreak2.jpg– Accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Influenza_virus_research.jpg - Accessed on 05 August 2009 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SpanishFluWardWalterReed.jpg– Accessed on 05 August 2009