E-Books

1. E-Books Practical Approaches For Preservation And Access

2. The Problem Web has had accidental negative impact on library collections Leasing access instead of owning collections Ownership is building assets for university Ownership important for long term preservation and access

3. Libraries Moving To Electronic • Save space • Better short term access Serious long term collection consequences

4. Libraries Can Build Digital Collections • Not just lease access, own materials • E- collections don’t take up floor space • E- collections inexpensive to store • Cancel print and build and preserve local e-collections The time is NOW

5. E-journals Were First • Digital archiving was designed for e-journals • Because journals were online first • HighWire Press, Stanford University, 1995

6. Now, E-books Are Taking Off • The large majority of academic libraries provide e-books, and the average number of e-books available in academic libraries that do provide them was 33,830. • From: "The Growing Importance of E-books in U.S. Library Collections”, Sept 2010 http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/887020-264ebook_summit_kicks_off_with.html.csp

7. Debates Have Begun Are there alternatives to the “big deal” for buying e-books? Should libraries loan e-book readers? How will scholars use e-books?

8. Preservation? But questions of preservation are just being raised. Is it just like e-journal archiving? What’s different? What’s the same?

9. What Are The Goals Of Preservation? • A lofty goal: preserve record of scholarship • Part of the mission of all research libraries to the world • A responsibility shared by the whole community • Thinking hundred’s of years ahead • A practical goal: keep your access • Part of the mission of your library to your university • A responsibility within your library • Thinking ten’s of years ahead • Both goals must be served

10. What’s Different? What’s The Same? • What publishers need from archiving • What libraries need from archiving • Archiving terms and rights • Archiving technology • Archiving costs

11. What Publishers Need From Archiving • The same for e-books and e-journals: • Trustworthy technology, proven over time • International Approach • Content distributed around the world • Affordable for both librarians and for publishers

12. What Libraries Need From Archiving • Same things as the publishers, and… • Ownership versus licensing • To have the e-books in their hands • Acquire assets for their institution • Not pay perpetually for perpetual access • Keep open access materials free forever

13. Archiving Terms And Rights • Different for e-books and e-journals: • Author reversion clause • Publishing rights revert from the publisher to the author • Author has the right to withdraw book from archive • Expected to be rare, time will tell

14. Archiving Technology • The same for e-books and e-journals: • Preservation technology is determined by publication technology • Publisher have consolidated e-book and e-journal publishing • One database, same formats. • More efficient for publishers, preservation, readers

15. Archiving Costs • The same for e-books and e-journals • Good news! • Archive many e-books for a very low fee

16. What We’ve Learned A responsible preservation approach • Keeps fees low • Supports libraries as “memory organizations” • Preserves the original • Separates payment from content access • Libraries should not pay perpetually for access • Open access content should be free forever

17. Two Approaches

18. What Is LOCKSS? • Empower libraries in the digital environment • Digital “bookshelves” with automatic preservation • Libraries use LOCKSS to • Maintain relevance as memory organization • Own rather than lease content • Acquire intellectual assets for their University • Have local access, control, and custody of content • 100% perpetual access Do not pay for access!!!

19. LOCKSS Program • Stanford University Libraries (founded 1998) • Standards - OAIS, OpenURL, HTTP, WARC • Preserving all web formats and genres • Animations, datasets, moving images, still images, software, sound, text … • Journals, books, blogs, web sites, scanned files, audio, video … • 450 participating publishers

20. What’s Needed? Library LOCKSS Box Publisher LOCKSS permission

21. A LOCKSS Box At Your University A LOCKSS box is a digital bookshelf LOCKSS box is approximately an $800 computer

22. Publisher Archiving Permission http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-04466-3#section=630975&page=1

23. Local Collection Into Your LOCKSS Box

24. Continual Access Without Payment Publisher unavailable?

25. What Does It Look Like?

26. Benefits • Retain your library’s relevance • Build and preserve your local collections • Provide 100% perpetual access • Separate payment from access • Show your readers the original artefact • Easy and affordable to participate

27. Two Approaches

28. What Is The CLOCKSS Archive? CLOCKSS is a dark archive founded by the world’s leading libraries and publishers to keep archiving in the hands of the community.

29. CLOCKSS – Four Unique Benefits Free, open access to ‘triggered’ content Globally distributed archive nodes at major libraries Community-governed Low participation costs so everyone can participate

30. Open Access “Triggered” Content • Graft • Sage • Auto/Biography • Sage • Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention • OUP

31. An Article

32. CLOCKSS Builds Open Access Subscription content becomes open access Open access content remains free forever

33. Global Stewardship And Preservation Asia/Pacific Australia: ANU China: University of Hong Kong Japan: NII Europe Germany: Humboldt University UK: University of Edinburgh Italy: UniversitàCattolica del SacroCuore North America Canada: University of Alberta United States: Indiana University, Rice University, Stanford University, University of Virginia, OCLC

34. Decentralized Preservation Libraries preserving content around the globe • Re-enforcing social value as memory organizations • Insuring against geo-social and geo-physical risks

35. Governed By The Community • Board of Directors • Advisory Council 2007 ALA ALCTS Outstanding Collaboration CLOCKSS is a tax-exempt, 501(c)3, not-for-profit organization

36. Governing Board American Medical Association American Physiological Society bepress Elsevier IOP Publishing Nature Publishing Group Oxford University Press SAGE Publications Springer Taylor & Francis Wiley-Blackwell Australian National University OCLC Indiana University Humboldt University - Berlin Japan National Institute of Informatics Rice University Stanford University Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University of Alberta University of Edinburgh University of Hong Kong University of Virginia

37. Advisory Council • Each participating library has one delegate • Voice in CLOCKSS Archive governance • Meet quarterly • Virtually, by geographic regions

38. Low Fees • CLOCKSS has already lowered fees • Country-wide discounts • We keep costs low so everyone can participate

39. Four Unique Values • Free, open access to ‘triggered’ archived content • Keep open access content, open access over time • Good for authors, good for societies, good for scholars • Globally distributed libraries preserving content • Geo-graphically, geologically, geo-politically • Re-enforce library’s memory role on a worldwide scale • Community-governed archive • Librarians and publishers work together as equals • Low fees • Leverage library infrastructure • Using LOCKSS technology for preservation

40. Conclusion E-book archiving is not that different, and not too hard. It is important to do it right away, as reliance on e-books grows. Libraries have an opportunity now, as e-book licensing model is still under development, to demand an ownership model, no payment for access, and library-friendly archiving.

41. Discussion Welcome! Thank you