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Grammar Terminology

Grammar Terminology. Parts of Speech. Nouns – persons, places, things, or ideas Pronouns – stand in for nouns Adjectives – describe nouns Verbs – action words or states of being Adverbs – describe adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs Conjunctions – words that connect phrases

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Grammar Terminology

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  1. Grammar Terminology

  2. Parts of Speech • Nouns – persons, places, things, or ideas • Pronouns – stand in for nouns • Adjectives – describe nouns • Verbs – action words or states of being • Adverbs – describe adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs • Conjunctions – words that connect phrases • Prepositions – words that show placement and relationships • Particles – adverbs, conjunctions, and other word forms that don’t really exist in English

  3. Parts of Speech - Examples • Nouns: man, dog, treaty, house • Pronouns: I, we, me, they, him, it • Adjectives: three, ugly, terrible, happy • Verbs: I run, He flies, She is, They dance • Adverbs: very, terribly, happily, quickly • Conjunctions: and, or, but • Prepositions: under, near, behind, below, in • Particles: “on the one hand,” “for,” “at the same time as”

  4. Verbs • Verbs have five characteristics: • Person (who is doing the action) • Number (singular or plural) • Voice (is someone doing it—active; or is someone being done to—passive) • Mood (does the verb concern real events or possibilities?) • Tense (when did the action occur?) • Aspect (was the action completed or left incomplete?)

  5. Verbs and Person

  6. Verbs and Number

  7. Verbs and Voice

  8. Verbs – Transitive/Intransitive • Transitive – describes if a verb is capable of acting on some noun • Eric slapped his brother. (slapped is acting on brother) • Intransitive – describes if a verb is a state of being or cannot act upon a noun • Jill is pretty. (“is” – a state of existence) • Fred walks. (walk is not acting upon anything)

  9. Verbs and Mood

  10. Verbs and Tense

  11. Verbs and Aspect

  12. Other Properties of Verbs • Verbs in Greek are CONJUGATED • Conjugation is the processing of making different forms of verbs • Verbs are classified into families by the vowels in the endings; each family is a different CONJUGATION • Verbs have Principal Parts • These are 6 forms of the verb that help you to remember how to conjugate every tense and mood

  13. Other Properties of Verbs • Verbs have INFINITIVES • Infinitives are verbal nouns • They begin with “to” • They have tense and voice ONLY • Accents in verbs are RECESSIVE • The accent in a verb wants to be as FAR-LEFT as possible (either penult or antepenult depending on the number of syllables)

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