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What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?

What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?. Battle of Gettysburg. July 1 – 3, 1863. Gettysburg Pre Quiz. Write down everything you know about… People Events Statistics Tactics Places Dates/Times Weapons. MILITARY SCIENCE 101. Levels of Warfare Terrain & Symbology

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What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?

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  1. What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?

  2. Battle of Gettysburg July 1 – 3, 1863

  3. Gettysburg Pre Quiz • Write down everything you know about… • People • Events • Statistics • Tactics • Places • Dates/Times • Weapons

  4. MILITARY SCIENCE 101 • Levels of Warfare • Terrain & Symbology • Principals of War • Tactics • Weapons

  5. Levels of Warfare • Strategic • Operational • Tactical CSA: Win the South’s Independence CSA: Gain Recognition from Great Britain & France USA: Maintain the Union CSA: Threaten the Washington, D.C. USA: Get the CSA army out of the North USA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army CSA: Destroy offensive capability of Union army USA: Get the CSA army out of the North USA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army

  6. Military Maps Colors • Black = Man-made objects (roads, building, etc.) • Brown = Elevation & Contour Lines • Green = Woods, Vegetation • Blue = Water

  7. Terrain Analysis • O bservation • C over & Concealment • O bstacles • K ey Terrain • A venues of Approach

  8. Type of unit Size of unit Unit Number Military Symbology—Unit Type xxx 1 1st Infantry Corps • Friendly Force = BLUE • Enemy Force = RED

  9. Type of unit Size of unit Unit Number Military Symbology—Unit Type xx 3 3rd Cavalry Division • Friendly Force = BLUE • Enemy Force = RED

  10. Unit Size Indicators Squad l Team/Section ll Platoon lll Company I Battalion II Regiment III Brigade X Division XX Corps XXX Army XXXX Army Group XXXXX

  11. Principles of War MOUSEMOSS • M ass • M aneuver • O ffense • O bjective • S urprise • U nity of Command • S implicity • S ecurity • E conomy of Force

  12. Terms • Center of Gravity (Capitols) • Culmination • Point in which offense is no longer viable. • Offense, Defense, Maneuver • 3:1 • Reserve Force

  13. Gettysburg Terrain

  14. Major Players • Buford • Reynolds • Hancock • Meade • Chamberlain • Sickles • Lee • Longstreet • Ewell • Stuart • Pickett • AP Hill • Heth

  15. Fortunes of War(a.k.a. “dumb luck”) • Jackson KIA Chancellorville • J.E.B. Stuart’s joy ride • Neither side had sense of size/loc

  16. Offensive Maneuvers • Frontal Attack • Flank Attack • Echelon Attack • Envelopment

  17. Tactics • Napoleonic • massing of firepower • Formations • Rifled Musket • Rifled Cannon • Trench warfare (defense) • Pickets • Skirmish lines

  18. Weaponry • Rifled Musket • French Mini Ball • Rifled Cannon • Solid • Shell • Case • Canister • Breech Loaders • Cartridge Ammo • Gatlin Gun

  19. USA Order of Battle

  20. CSA Order of Battle

  21. Day 0(Chance Encounter) • Union Calvary looking for Lee’s Army • Notice some Confederate soldiers north of Gettysburg • Gettysburg key terrain • Occupies northern high ground and sends word to Meade • Union consolidate on high ground and wait for reinforcements

  22. Day I(CSA favor) • Buford (Cavalry w/breechloaders!) • Avoid large engagement • Ewell given option to continue attackdoesn’t • Union consolidate on high ground and wait for reinforcements

  23. 10:00 AM

  24. 11:30 AM

  25. Tactics Exercise I • Analyze Terrain • Consider Weapons • Consider what is known about the enemy • Your first move?

  26. Your Course of ActionvsThe Real World

  27. Day 2(Draw) • Not allowed to shift right • Echelon attack not synched • Ewell not ready until after sunset • Fishhook • High Ground • Little Round Top

  28. AM

  29. 4:00 PM

  30. 4:00 PM

  31. 5:30 PM

  32. 6:30 PM

  33. 6:30 PM

  34. Little Round Top • Chamberlain • 6 waves • 60 rnds per man • Union flank exposed • Unconventional Tactic • Medal of Honor Award

  35. Day 3(US) • 7 hr slugfest (am) • Cannon battle (2 hrs) • 140 miles • Confederates concentrate on center • Pickett’s Charge • 12,000 • 1 mile in the open • 75% casualty rate

  36. Significance • Gettysburg last time Confederate Army able to go on the strategic offensive (invade)Culmination point for the South. • No hope of foreign recognition after loss. • Meade allows Lee to withdraw and not pursuefighting goes on for another 2 years. • Provided Lincoln with a big psychological win

  37. Conclusion(notecard) • It surprised me to learn… • How does Leadership, Tactics, and Terrain influence battles? • What did you like about today’s class?

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