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Reproduction

Reproduction. Reproductive organs. What does what?. Check the links on the Blog to review anatomy and function!. Female reproductive tract. Male reproductive tract. Fertilisation and embryonic growth. Male sperm production: produced in the testes under influence of testosterone.

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Reproduction

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  1. Reproduction

  2. Reproductive organs. What does what? Check the links on the Blog to review anatomy and function!

  3. Female reproductive tract

  4. Male reproductive tract

  5. Fertilisation and embryonic growth

  6. Male sperm production: produced in the testes under influence of testosterone

  7. Testosterone effects

  8. Romantic relationships and testosterone… According to wikipedia… • Falling in love decreases testosterone in men but increases it in women • Testosterone ‘returns to normal’ after the honeymoon period • Fatherhood decreases testosterone levels • ‘competition’ affects testosterone levels

  9. Sperm are delicate… • Sensitive to heat • Sensitive to environmental oestrogens (Phyto-oestrogens in plants e.g. SOY, Beer), chemicals • Link - environmental oestrogens 'wreck' sperm...

  10. Comparing the ovum and the sperm The egg is the largest cell, while the sperm is the smallest in the human body

  11. Female egg production: Produced in the ovaries… • Eggs are produced pre-birth • Eggs are arrested in prophase I of meiosis until puberty • From puberty until the menopause, one egg will be produced each menstrual cycle under hormonal control (oestrogen from the overies, FSH and LH from the pituitary gland) • The egg is the largest cell in the body

  12. Female menstrual cycle • An animated version… • …and a detailed diagram • …and a movie!

  13. Hormones of the menstrual cycle

  14. Pregnancy!

  15. Hormones: What happens during pregnancy?

  16. Development of the baby

  17. Placenta • Baby is called a foetusfrom 8 w, when embryo has all of its major structures • Developing baby is totally dependent on mother for nutrients, oxygen and elimination of wastes • The placentais the specialised organ that performs this role • Placenta also produces hormones to help maintain pregnancy • placenta is joined to foetus by the umbilical cord

  18. Structure of the placenta • Note that foetal blood and maternal blood do not mix • Oxygen and nutrients from the mother diffuse into the capillaries of the chorionic villae • Carbon dioxide and other wastes leave the foetus through the umbilical arteries, pass into the capillaries of the villi and out into the maternal blood

  19. What does the placenta deliver to the baby? • Vitamins • Oxygen • Triglycerides • Hormones • Minerals • Protein • Water • Drugs What does the placenta remove from the baby? • Carbon dioxide • Waste products of metabolism • Water • Urea

  20. Figure 5 A microscope photograph of a cross-section of one of the smallest branches (called a villus) of a tree-like placental cotyledon at term. Mother’s red blood cells surround the villus, while the baby’s red blood cells are inside large capillaries within the villus. The blood of the mother and the blood of the baby are everywhere separated by the syncytial trophoblast, which is a seamless layer comprising a single cell.

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