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Domains

Domains. Broadest , most inclusive taxon Three domains 1. Archaea and 2.Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) 3. Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Domains

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  1. Domains • Broadest, most inclusive taxon • Three domains • 1. Archaea and 2.Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) • 3. Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  2. Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, deep ocean vents, volcanoes, geysers, etc.

  3. Eubacteria are present in almost all habitats on earth. Live in the intestines of animals Some bacteria cause disease but many act as decomposers and are important to the environment.

  4. Domain Eukarya is Divided into Four Kingdoms • Protista (protozoans, algae…) • Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) • Plantae (multicellular plants) • Animalia (multicellular animals)

  5. Most are unicellular Some are multicellular Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Many members found in water environments. Protista

  6. Fungi • Multicellular, except yeast • Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) • Cell walls made of chitin

  7. Multicellular Autotrophic Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Plantae

  8. Animalia • Multicellular • Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) • Feed on plants or other animals

  9. Taxons • Most genera contain a number of different species, with the exception of Homo that only contains modern humans • Classification is based on evolutionary relationships

  10. Basis for Modern Taxonomy • Homologous structures (same structure but performs different function) • Similar embryo development (embryo=organism in its earliest form of development) • Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins

  11. Homologous Structures show similarities in mammals.

  12. Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos

  13. Cladogram • Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales.

  14. Primate Cladogram

  15. Dichotomous Keying • Used to identify organisms • Characteristics given in pairs • Read both characteristics and either identify the organism OR go to another set of characteristics

  16. 1a Many Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Few Tentacles present – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped – hydra Example of Dichotomous Key

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