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Tooth and Mouth Anatomy

Tooth and Mouth Anatomy. Meghan, Adam, Andrew and Kim . Fun Video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeRblbkdBVo. Learning Objectives . Classify different types of teeth with their structure and function Develop larger understanding of mouth structure and how teeth fit in

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Tooth and Mouth Anatomy

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  1. Tooth and Mouth Anatomy Meghan, Adam, Andrew and Kim

  2. Fun Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeRblbkdBVo

  3. Learning Objectives Classify different types of teeth with their structure and function Develop larger understanding of mouth structure and how teeth fit in Define common diseases and injuries related to the mouth Summarize common methods of treatment and prevention of disease and injury

  4. Anatomic Terminology Dontium= “Teeth” Periodontium= “around the dontium” Temporomandibular Joint=TMJ Fossa= ditch or trench in a bony member VS. Process=a protrusion of boney member Syn= “with” or “together” Gomphis= “bolt” or “nail” Arthro = “joint” Condyle= “knuckle” Ginglymus= “hinge” Sulcus=“groove”

  5. Coronal Apical Mesial Distal

  6. // to Traverse Plane Spine Frontal Plane Dental Arches Sagittal Plane

  7. Mouth Members & Interactions Overview: [The TMJ] • Boney Members • Skull • Jaw • Maxilla • Mandible • Connective Tissue • Capsule • Ligaments • Stylomandibular ligament • Capsular Ligament • Sphenomandibular Ligament • Temporomandibular Ligament • Muscle Tissue • Masseter • Pterygoid • Temporalis [The Gomphyses] Teeth • Incisors • Canine • Premolars • Molars • Wisdom Teeth Periodontium • Connective Tissue • Periodontal Ligaments • Soft Tissue • Gingival • Epithelial • Hemidesmosomes

  8. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) • Function Class (describes movement) • Ginglymoarthrodial • Ginglymus • Hinge • Arthrodial • plane • Structural Class (describes binding tissues) • Synovial

  9. Bony Members

  10. Muscle Tissue Lateral Pterygoid Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid

  11. Connective Tissue Ligaments Capsular Tissue Cross Section Stylomandibular ligament Capsular Ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Temporomandibular ligament Articular Fossa Articular cartilage Synovial Fluid Articular disk Synovial Fluid Articular Cartilage Mandibular Condyle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lP_VPiYnyNs

  12. Medial Surface of the Mandible Lateral Surface of the Mandible

  13. Gomphyses • Gomphosis “nail/bolt” • Functional Class • Synarthrosis • Peg and socket between: • Tooth • Alveolus • Structural Class • Fibrous

  14. Teeth

  15. Structure of Teeth Crown Enamel Dentine/Ivory Root Dental Pulp Cementum

  16. Types of Teeth • Incisors

  17. Types of Teeth • Canines

  18. Types of Teeth • Premolars

  19. Types of Teeth • Molars

  20. Types of Teeth • Wisdom Teeth (3rd Molar)

  21. Types of Teeth • Children have 20 total teeth • Primary or Milk teeth • Adults have 32 total teeth • Permanent or Adult teeth

  22. Adolescent Mouth

  23. Adult Mouth

  24. Tooth Connection to Jaw Alveolar bone Root

  25. Periosteum

  26. Connective Tissue Periodontal Ligaments(PDL’s) • Fibrous Composition • Cellular • Osteoblasts • Osteoclasts • Fibroblasts • Macrophages • Cementoblasts • Epithelial cell rests of Malassez • Extracellular Matrix • Collagen • Ground Substance • Water • ~70% • Hemidesmosomes • Small stud or rivet like structures that attach a cell to an extracellular matrix

  27. Soft Tissue • Gingiva (gums) :The mucosal tissue that overlays the jaws • Marginal • Tissue that apically borders crown of tooth • Attached • Extension of the Marginal Gingiva apical to crown • Interdental • Tissue Between Tooth-Tooth boundaries along the dental arch

  28. Oral Epithelium • Sulcular epithelium • touches but is not attached to tooth • non-keratinized stratified squamous tissue • Junctional epithelium • forms an attachment to the tooth basal lamina • Extracellular matrix secreted by epithelial cells • Layer on which epithelium sits • proteoglycans

  29. Teeth Pathologies and Treatment

  30. Dentistry • Dentist • Many specialties • Orthodontics • Endodontics • Periodontics

  31. Diagnosis Ask health questions Clinical exam Impressions of teeth Photos of face and teeth X-rays of mouth and head Decide what treatment is right

  32. Teeth Pathologies and Treatment Less Severe Alignment Issues (malocclusion) Tooth Sensitivity Bruxism (clenching and grinding)

  33. Malocclusion of teeth Causes: • Genetics • Pacifier, thumb sucking • Bad chewing habits • Misalignment of jaw after fracture • Failure of previous dental work Treatments: • Functional appliances • Surgery

  34. Functional Appliances • Fixed • Braces • Space maintainers • Removable • Retainers • Splint • Palatal expander • Headgear • Lip and cheek bumper

  35. Child vs. Adult Treatment • Benefits to treating child • Teeth are not permanent • Growth spurts • Adult • Little/no jaw growth • Gum disease • Surgery more likely • Options • Lingual braces • Invisalign

  36. Disadvantages • Incorrect fitting • Unpleasant to wear • Removable • Need cooperation of patient

  37. Tooth Sensitivity Causes: • Enamel wear • Dentin exposure • Tooth/Gum disease • Chipped or fractured tooth Treatments: • Desensitizing toothpaste • Sealant to cover exposed roots • Root Canal

  38. Bruxism Causes: • Stress and Anxiety • Abnormal bite Treatments: • Relax, massage and stretch jaw muscles • Ice • Avoid hard foods • Splints and mouth guards • Surgery

  39. Teeth Pathologies and TreatmentMore Severe Fracture Decay Infection Misalignment of Jaw Oral caner

  40. Fracture • Minor-chipping of the outer layers • Crack through tooth to center • Severe vertical, diagnol, horizontal fractures of roots

  41. Causes Impact/trauma Tooth decay Tooth infection Failure of previous dental work

  42. Treatment • Minor (outer layer) • crown • Center of tooth • Dental pulp infected • Root canal • Crown • Split root • Tooth extraction

  43. Tooth Decay Causes: • Acid and plaque build up Symptoms: • Tooth pain • Visible pits or holes in teeth Results in: • Cavities • Tooth abscess • Infection

  44. Treatment • Mild • Fluoride • Filling if cavity has formed • Severe • Crown • Root canal • Extraction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHHn52KhBkQ

  45. Tooth and Gum Infection Infection of gums: Ex. Gingivitis, Periodontitis Causes: • Accumulation of bacteria or plaque • Tooth decay Symptoms: • Bad breath • Red, swollen gums • Painful chewing

  46. Treatment • Mild • Antibiotics -- medicine, gel • Cut open abscess -- drain • Severe • Root canal • Tooth extraction • Surgery • Bone and tissue grafts • Growth factors

  47. Bone and Tissue Grafts • Grafting • Gum • Soft tissue • Connective tissue • Tunnel grafting • Bone • Autogenous • Allograft • Xenograft

  48. Jaw Problems • Mandibular fracture • Dislocation • Cause: Typically impact

  49. Symptoms • Mandibular • Bleeding and bruising • Limited movement • Swelling • Stiffness • Abnormal appearance • Dislocation • Crocked bite • Drooling • Pain • Difficulty speaking

  50. Treatment • Mandibular • Minor • Medication • Liquid diet • Severe • Surgery • Dislocation • Place back • Anesthetics and muscle relaxants • Surgery

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