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1 Samuel 16-19

1 Samuel 16-19. Establishment of the Monarchy. The Anointing of David 16:1-13. God had rejected Saul as King of Israel. The Anointing of David 16:1-13.

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1 Samuel 16-19

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  1. 1 Samuel 16-19 Establishment of the Monarchy

  2. The Anointing of David 16:1-13 God had rejected Saul as King of Israel

  3. The Anointing of David 16:1-13 Now the LORD said to Samuel, "How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel ? Fill your horn with oil an go ; I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have selected a king for Myself among his sons. 1 Samuel 16:1

  4. The Anointing of David 16:1-13 • God had rejected Saul as King of Israel • Compare “I have selected a king” with “Appoint them a king” from 8:22 • God sends Samuel to Bethlehem • The town elders feared Samuel • They had perhaps heard of the slaying Agag

  5. The Sanctificaion • Samuel sanctifies Jesse and his sons 16:5 • Samuel saw Eliab and thought this was God’s choice

  6. But the LORD said to Samuel, "Do not look at his appearance or at the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for God sees not as man sees, for man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart.“ 1 Samuel 16:7

  7. The Sanctification and Choosing • Samuel sanctifies Jesse and his sons 16:5 • Samuel saw Eliab and thought this was God’s choice • God has not chosen any of the sons present with Jesse that day • Jesse then brings David to Samuel • God tells Samuel ‘This is he” • Samuel anoints David

  8. The transfer of Power from Saul to David 16:16-14 • The Spirit of the Lord came upon David • Samuel departs from David • The Spirit of the Lord departs from Saul • An evil spirit comes upon Saul

  9. David Plays his Harp • Saul’s servants suggest a man to play for him when the evil spirit comes upon him • Saul sends for David • Saul made David his armor bearer • When Saul felt the evil spirit come upon him David played and the spirit departed 16:23

  10. What did David play? The instrument, kinnor, translated "harp" in the King James Version of the Bible, was not a harp at all, but a lyre. The other stringed instrument David played, nevel, translated "psaltery" by the KJV, was likewise not a psaltery or zither and it may not have been a true harp either.

  11. What did David play? • According to Josephus (1st century A.D.) the kinnor had ten strings, the nevel twelve • The kinnoranciently had a rectangular or trapezoidal soundbox and two curved arms of unequal length joined by a crossbar • It was played with the fingers or with a plectrum • Nevel seems to mean "skin-bottle", perhaps because of its shape. Because the strings enter the top of the soundbox, it is more of a harp-lyre than the kinnor, whose strings stretch over a bridge on the side of the box in a lyre-like way • The kinnorot and nevelim (plural terms), with their light framework and high tension strings, produced enough volume to compete with rams' horns, trumpets, and cymbals, and were used in both sacred and secular settings, accompanying choirs and soloists as well as song and dance.

  12. The Challenge of Goliath 17:1-22 • Goliath's Challenge (vv.1-11) • Confrontation: Philistines and Israelites Face Each Other; Goliath Appears (vv.1-7) • Challenge: Goliath Defies the Ranks of Israel (vv.8-10) • Consternation: Saul and Israel Are Dismayed and Terrified (v.11) • David Witnesses Goliath's Challenge (vv.12-39) • Confrontation: David Appears in the Israelite Camp; Philistines and Israelites Face Each Other (vv.12-22) • Challenge: David Hears Goliath Defying the Ranks of Israel (v.23) • Consternation: David Converses With the Fearful Israelites, His Angry Brother, and an Indecisive Saul (vv.24-39) • David Meets Goliath's Challenge (vv.40-54) • Confrontation: David and Goliath Face Each Other (vv.40-41) • Challenge: David and Goliath Summon Each Other; David Kills Goliath (vv.42-51a) • Consternation: Philistines Flee From Israelites (vv.51b-54)

  13. Goliath The portrayal of Goliath is probably the most detailed physical description ever given in scripture

  14. Goliath • Goliath’s height was “six cubits and a span” • The most commonly accepted is the idea that a cubit was the measurement from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow, or about 18-21 inches • A span was the distance between the tip of the pinky finger and the thumb, about half a cubit, which equals about 9 inches •  Goliath was about 9 feet 9 inches tall

  15. Goliath • He had a coat of armor that weighed 5,000 shekels (1 Samuel 17:5) • That armor would have weighed about 125-150 pounds • The tip of his spear, which weighed 600 shekels, would have been about 15 pounds • The picture, then, that we are given is of a man about 9½ feet tall, who wore armor that weighed more that most 150 pounds, and who carried a spear that had a tip which 15 pounds

  16. Other Giants The Giant Og had a bead 13 ½ feet long The ancient historian, Herodotus, wrote about a man named Artachaees, who “was the biggest man in Persia—about 8 ft 2 ins. high—and had the loudest voice in the world” Wrestling fans will recall the huge stature of “Andre the Giant,” who weighed in at about 500 pounds and reached a height of 7 feet 4 inches tall One of the tallest NBA players in history, Gheorghe Muresan, who stands 7 feet 7 inches and can virtually dunk a basketball without jumping The tallest man documented in modern times, Robert Pershing Wadlow, On June 27, 1940, he was measured to be 2.72 meters or 8 feet 11.1 inches

  17. Robert Pershing Waldow

  18. Goliath’s Challenge "Why do you come out to draw up in battle array? Am I not the Philistine and you servants of Saul ? Choose a man for yourselves and let him comedown to me. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will become your servants ; but if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall become our servants and serve us. Again the Philistine said , I defy the ranks of Israel this day ; give me a man that we may fight together.“ 1 Samuel 17:8-10

  19. David Hears and Fights Goliath What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the reproach from Israel ? For who is this uncircumcised  Philistine, that he should taunt the armies of the living God ? 1 Samuel 17:26

  20. Goliath responds to David The Philistine said to David, "Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks ?" And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. The Philistine also said to David, "Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and the beasts of the field.“ 1 Samuel 18:43

  21. David Responds to Goliath Then David said to the Philistine, "You come to me with a sword, a spear, and a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have taunted."This day the LORD will deliver you up into my hands, and I will strike you down and remove your head from you. And I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, and that all this assembly may know that the LORD does not deliver by sword or by spear ; for the battle is the LORD'S and He will give you into our hands.“ 1 Samuel 18:46-47

  22. The Battle • David ran toward Goliath • David kills Goliath with a stone from a sling • David cuts of Goliath’s head • Probably as a trophy for Saul

  23. Jonathan and David 18:1-4 • Jonathan loved David • They were nearly of the same age • The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the mind of Jonathan • Saul had David installed as a permanent resident of the court

  24. Jonathan and David 18:1-4 • Jonathan and David mad a covenant • Such covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for life • Jonathan gave David his robe • To receive any part of the dress which had been worn by a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject

  25. Saul becomes Jealous 18:5-16 On the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereign

  26. Samuel 18:7-9 The women sang as they played, and said, "Saul has slain his thousands, And David  his ten thousands."Then Saul became very angry, for this saying displeased him; and he said, "They have ascribed to David ten thousands, but to me they have ascribed thousands. Now what more can he have but the kingdom ?”Saul looked at David with  suspicion from that day on.

  27. Saul Tries to Kill David Now it came about on the next day that an evil spirit from God came mightily upon Saul, and he raved in the midst of the house, while David was playing the harp with his hand, as usual ; and a spear was in Saul's hand. Saul hurled the spear for he thought, "I will pin David to the wall." But David escaped from his presence twice. 1 Samuel 18:10-11

  28. Saul sends David Away 18:13-16 • Saul sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warrior  • Saul made him captain over a thousand • He gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.

  29. Saul offers David his daughter 18:17-30 • Saul offers Merab to David • Though bound to this already (1 Samuel 17:25), he had found it convenient to forget his former promise • He now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valor • Saul broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of David

  30. Chiastic Structure of 18:20-26 • Michals’s love for David pleases Saul-20 • Saul wants David to fall to the Philistines-21 • Saul sends a message to David-22-23a • David sends a message to Saul-23b-24 • Saul wants David to fall to the Philistines-25 • Becoming the King’s son-in-law pleases David-26

  31. Saul conspires against David • Michal loved David • Saul saw that he could use this to his advantage • Saul did not require any dowry • Neither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public service

  32. Saul’s Desire of David • Saul wants one hundred foreskins from the Philistines • Saul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberality • While his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughter • Saul covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcision

  33. David’s response • David slew two hundred Philistines and presented their foreskins to Saul • The number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfillment of his pledge • Saul become more afraid of David • Despite Saul’s jealousy, trickery, and oppression, David’s conduct remained exemplary • He supported properly constituted authority • He behaved himself wisely~18:30 • He did not repay evil for evil

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