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Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes

Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes . Fluid. Any substance that has the ability to flow (move on its own) Two States ____________ ____________ Can flow because their particles can move past each other The only state that is not fluid is ______. Buoyant Force.

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Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes

  2. Fluid • Any substance that has the ability to flow (move on its own) • Two States • ____________ • ____________ • Can flow because their particles can move past each other • The only state that is not fluid is ______.

  3. Buoyant Force • Upward force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid. • All fluids exert pressure: the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.

  4. Archimedes’ Principle • States that the buoyant force on an object IN the fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid.

  5. The volume of fluid displaced by an object placed in a fluid will be equal to the volume of the part of the object submerged. • The figure below shows how displacement works.

  6. Density Determines what floats and sinks If an object is _______dense than the fluid in which it is placed, it will float. If an object is more dense than the fluid in which it is placed, it will ______.

  7. Practice Problems 1) What is the volume of a tank that can hold 18754 g of methanol whose density is 0.788g/cm3? D = _______ m = _____ v = _____

  8. 2) What is the density of a board whose dimensions are 5.54 cm x 10.6 cm X 199 cm and whose mass is 28.6 g? D = _______ m = _____ v = _____

  9. 3) CaCl2 is used as a de-icer on roads in the winter. It has a density of 2.50 g/cm3. What is the mass of 15000 mL this substance? D = _______ m = _____ v = _____

  10. Fluids and Pressure • Fluids exert pressure evenly in all directions. • For example, when you pump up a bicycle tire, air particles are constantly pushing against each other and against the walls of the tire.

  11. Pressure can be calculated by dividing force by the area over which the force is exerted: • Pressure = Force Area • The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (abbreviation: Pa), equal to the force of one newton exerted over an area of one square meter (1 N/m2).

  12. Pascal’s Principle • States that a fluid in equilibrium enclosed by a vessel exerts pressure equally in all directions. • Mathematically, Pascal’s principle is stated as p1 = p2, or pressure1 = pressure2.

  13. Math Skills • Pascal’s Principle A hydraulic lift, shown in the figure below, makes use of Pascal’s principle, to lift a 19,000 N car. If the area of the small piston (A1) equals 10.5 cm2 and the area of the large piston (A2) equals 400 cm2, what force needs to be exerted on the small piston to lift the car?

  14. Math Skills, continued 1. List the given and unknown values. Given:F2 = __________ NA1 = __________ cm2A2 = __________ cm2Unknown: F1 2. Write the equation for Pascal’s principle.According to Pascal’s principle, p1 = p2.

  15. 3. Insert the known values into the equation, and solve. • F1 = 500 N

  16. Viscosity • Is a substance’s resistance to flow. • Which has the most viscosity? • Water • Honey • Ketchup

  17. Bernoulli’s Principle • Bernoulli’s principlestates that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases. • Bernoulli’s principle is illustrated below: as a leaf passes through a drainage pipe from point 1 to point 2, it speeds up, and the water pressure decreases.

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