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Geography and Civilization of Ancient India: Rivers, Mountains, and Monsoons

Explore the diverse geography of India with its major rivers, mountains, the Deccan plateau, and the impact of monsoons. Discover the environmental challenges faced by the civilization that emerged along the mighty Indus River, with insights into their writing system, city planning, culture, and trade practices.

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Geography and Civilization of Ancient India: Rivers, Mountains, and Monsoons

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  1. Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes

  2. I. Geography of India

  3. India

  4. A. Subcontinent is a large distinguishable landmass on a continent

  5. B. Rivers, Mountains, Decan and Monsoons

  6. 1. Two major rivers of India

  7. a. Indus River located on the western border

  8. b. Ganges River located in the northern plain running west to east

  9. 2. Two major mountain ranges in India

  10. a. Hindu Kush mountains on the western border

  11. 1. Khyber pass

  12. b. Himalaya Mountains in the north (largest mountains in the world)

  13. 3. The Decan is a large triangular shaped plateau in the center of India

  14. C. Monsoons are seasonal winds

  15. 1. Winter monsoons are dry and blow from the north

  16. 2. Summer monsoons are wet and blow from the Arabian Sea in the southwest to the northeast

  17. II. Environmental Challenges

  18. A. The Indus had unpredictablefloods

  19. B. The Indus sometimes changed its course

  20. C. Floods sometimes swept away whole villages

  21. D. The Himalayas provided protection from the north but hindered trade

  22. III. Civilization Emerges on the Indus

  23. A. The writing system of the Indus valley was called Sanskrit

  24. 1. It is at current time undeciphered

  25. B. Around 3200 B.C. people began to farm around the Indus

  26. C. Planned cities ( Kalibangan, Mohenjo Daro, Harrappa )

  27. Three D Harrappa

  28. Mohenjo Daro

  29. Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro

  30. 1. Around 2500 B.C.

  31. 2. Sophisticated city planning

  32. a. Precise grid system

  33. b. Citadel or fort in the center of city

  34. c. Constructed of oven baked bricks

  35. d. Sophisticated plumbing and sewage

  36. IV. Culture and Trade

  37. A. Social divisions in the society were not great

  38. B. People were relatively prosperous

  39. C. Few weapons of war found

  40. D. Religious artifacts revealed links to Hindu culture

  41. 1. Many gods (polytheists)Shiva major Indian god

  42. 2. Mother goddesses

  43. 3. Fertility images

  44. Fertility images

  45. 4. Worship of cattle

  46. E. Trade developed with others

  47. Stamps and seals identified differentgoods

  48. 2. Traded goods found in Sumer identified by stamps

  49. V. Mysterious end to the Indus Valley Culture

  50. A. Possibly river changed course

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