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The Geography of Egypt: The Nile and its Gift

Explore the geographical features of Egypt, including the expansive Nile River, the fertile Nile Delta, and the protection offered by the surrounding deserts. Discover how the predictable flooding of the Nile influenced agriculture and the movement of goods and ideas. Learn about the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the rule of the divine Pharaohs, and the construction of the magnificent pyramids.

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The Geography of Egypt: The Nile and its Gift

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  1. Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes

  2. The Geography of Egypt

  3. The Gift of the Nile

  4. Nile River is 4,100 mile long (Mississippi River 2,340 miles long)

  5. 2. Every July rains, and melting snows cause the river to overrun it’s banks

  6. 3. In October the river recedes and a rich layer of silt covers the Nile valley

  7. B. Upper Egypt (south) and Lower Egypt (North)

  8. 1. Lower Egypt is the last 750 miles separated by a cataract or waterfall

  9. 2. In the North or Lower Egypt was a delta where the water fanned out and flowed into the Mediterranean Sea (about 100 miles long)

  10. a. The Delta is a broad marshy, triangular, silt rich area of land

  11. Nile Delta

  12. Nile Delta from Space

  13. 3. The Nile was a reliable system for transportation

  14. Feluccas

  15. a. Boats traveled northward by current

  16. b. Boats traveled southward by Eustachian winds off the MediterraneanSea

  17. C. Environmental Challenges

  18. 1. Even though the Nile did flood on predictable bases if it was just a few feet below normal it could have devastating affect on crop production

  19. 2. If the Nile was just a few feet over normal mud brick villages could be destroyed along with granaries

  20. 3. The vast deserts on the sides did provide protection from invaders but also kept them from interaction with other peoples

  21. a. Thus Egypt was spared constant warfare that plagued the Fertile Crescent

  22. D. Movement of Goods and Ideas

  23. 1. By 3200 B.C. Egypt was trading with Sumer

  24. 2. By 2000 B.C. Egypt was trading with lands to the south

  25. a. Nubiab. Kush

  26. II. Egypt Unites into a Kingdom

  27. A. By 3200 B.C. Upper and Lower Egypt were two separate kingdoms

  28. B. By 3100 B.C. King Menes unites both

  29. 1. Capitol at Memphis

  30. C. Old Kingdom lasted from 2660 B.C. to 2180 B.C.

  31. D. Pharaohs Rule as gods

  32. 1. In Egypt kings were seen as gods

  33. 2. Egyptian god kings becameknown as Pharaohs

  34. 3. Ruled their kingdoms as a Theocracy

  35. a. Pharaoh duty to promote truth and justice

  36. E. Builders of the Pyramids

  37. Sphinx and Pyramid at Giza

  38. Sphinx

  39. 3 D Pyramid

  40. 1. Pharaoh’s (ka) or eternal spirit lived after their death and would control the government from a resting place

  41. 2. So kings were buried in an immense structure called a pyramid

  42. 3. The great pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom

  43. a. The limestone was quarried 400 miles upriver

  44. b. Each stone weighed 2.5 tons

  45. Pyramid Stone

  46. c. 2 million blocks stacked some 481 feet tall

  47. III. Egyptian Culture

  48. A. Egyptians were polytheists

  49. 1. Most important god was Ra, the sun god and Horus, the god of light

  50. 2. The most important goddess was Isis, the ideal mother

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