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Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan

Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan . Asim Zaheer 1 , Dr. Rameez Khalid Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan 1 corresponding author: asimzaheer@neduet.edu.pk. Topics To be Discussed .

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Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan

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  1. Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan Asim Zaheer1, Dr. RameezKhalid Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan 1corresponding author: asimzaheer@neduet.edu.pk

  2. Topics To be Discussed INTRODUCTION CONTEXT PROBLEM STATEMENT RESULTS ERGONOMICS AWARENESS PROGRAM CONCLUSIONS Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - AsimZaheer

  3. I. INTRODUCTION • What is Ergonomics? • Ergonomics, is derived from the Greek word ‘ergon’ which means work and ‘nomos’ means law [1-3] • The Science of Work or the Study of Work • Designing the job to fit the worker • Improve the human well-being • Optimize overall system’s performance Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  4. I. INTRODUCTION(Cont..) This guy needs more than a new chair!!!! • Focus on worker • Physical and psychological capabilities • Keep an eye on human limitations • Harmonious relationship • Enhancement of productivity and efficiency [2]

  5. II. CONTEXT • In Pakistan, knowledge of ergonomics is in its infancy • Ignorance among employer & employee • Ergonomics include different scientific disciplines: [6, 7] • Physical stresses and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) • MSDs are also referred interchangeably as CTDs: [10, 11] • Repeated trauma, Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs) and • Occupational overexertion syndrome Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  6. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • According to Cohen [8], MSDs result in: • Delays, Absenteeism, Injuries, Illnesses • Risk factors associated with MSDs are: [11, 12] • Repetitive motion • Force-full exertion • Vibration • Mechanical compression • Awkward body postures • High noise • Low lighting • Extreme temperatures • Ergonomics reduce MSDs by more than 50% [9] Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  7. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Symptoms of MSDs:[11] • pain • numbness • Tingling • stiff joints • difficulty in moving • muscle loss • paralysis • Disorders • MSDs affect [4] • Upper limb • Neck • Back • Work place common MSDs are CTS and back injury [10] • Prolong working hours Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  8. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Two law enforcing agencies: • NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) • OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) • Human body is divided into three planes: [6,7,13] • Sagittal plane, • Coronal plane and • Transverse plane Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  9. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Wrist movement classified as: • Flexion • Extension • Radial • Ulnar • Hand movements are classified as:[13] • Abduction • Adduction • Supination • Pronation

  10. Industrial Examples

  11. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Job analysis tools: • Strain Index (SI), • Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) • Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) • Ovako Work Assessment System (OWAS)

  12. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Strain Index (SI):[14] • Number (score) • Upper extremity disorders. • Tool to evaluate the job, not the worker SI = (Intensity of Exertion Multiplier) × (Duration of Exertion Multiplier) × (Efforts per Minute Multiplier) × (Posture Multiplier) × (Speed of Work Multiplier) × (Duration per Day Multiplier) Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - AsimZaheer

  13. II. CONTEXT(Cont..) • Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) [6, 17] • Number (score) • Upper limb disorders • Wrist • Forearms • Elbows • Shoulders • Neck • Trunk • Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) [18] • Number (score) • Entire body assessment Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  14. III. PROBLEM STATEMENT • Manufacturing Industry of two wheelers • OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) vendor for famous companies of auto-bikes in Pakistan • Products include:

  15. Selected Postures

  16. III. PROBLEM STATEMENT(Cont..) • Analysis Tools and Procedures: • Strain Index (SI) • Exclusively focused on wrist and hand • Recorded videos • Critical analysis of working postures • Gathered relevant data • Taken snaps Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  17. IV. RESULTS • SI for Posture 1 • Rating Criteria Table • Multiplier Table[14] • SI Calculation • Ergointelligence • Other Postures

  18. IV. RESULTS (Cont..) SI FOR POSTURES

  19. IV. RESULTS (Cont..) SI FOR POSTURES

  20. V. ERGONOMICS AWARENESS PROGRAM • Proposed Ergonomics Awareness program: • Phase 01: Analysis of work place • Phase 02: Prevention and control of Hazards • Phase 03: Personnel training and education • Phase 04: Medical Management Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  21. V. ERGONOMICS AWARENESS PROGRAM (Cont..)

  22. V. ERGONOMICS AWARENESS PROGRAM (Cont..)

  23. VI. CONCLUSIONS • Findings • Realities in Pakistani Industry • Strain Index (SI) • Worker is at risk; Awkward postures • Poor environment; Injury prone jobs • Perspectives • Awareness program • RULA • REBA Ergonomics: A work place realities in Pakistan - Asim Zaheer

  24. Acknowledgment • THANK YOU for your attention • Questions • Contact: asimzaheer@neduet.edu.pk; +92 (0)321 2700850

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