Fungal Diseases in Mango

1. Fungal Diseases in Mango Next Previous End

2. Major Diseases in Mango • Powdery mildew • Sooty mould • Anthracnose • Die back • Stalk End rot • Red rust Next Previous End

3. Powdery Mildew (Oidium Magiferae) Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of mango affecting almost all the varieties in all mango growing areas. It causes approximately 20% crop loss in Maharashtra. Sometimes as high as 70-80 per cent crop loss has been recorded on individual plant basis. Next Previous End

4. The characteristic symptom of the disease is the white superficial powdery fungal growth on leaves, stalks of panicles, flowers and young fruits. Symptoms The affected flowers and fruits drop prematurely reducing the crop load considerably or might even prevent the fruit set. Next Previous End

5. Favorable Conditions Rains or mists accompanied by cooler nights during flowering are congenial for the disease spread. The fungus parasitizes young tissues of all parts of the inflorescence, leaves and fruits. Next Previous End

6. Spray the following fungicides at 15 days interval for effective control of the disease: • Wet table sulphur 0.2 per cent • (2 g /1lit.water) • Tridemorph 0.1 per cent • (1 ml / lit. water ). Dinocap 0.1 per cent • (1 ml / lit. water). Management practices Next Previous End

7. Sooty mould (Meliola mangiferae)Symptoms: The severity of infection depends on the honey dew secretion by the above said insects. Honey dew secretions from insects sticks to the leaf surface and provide medium for fungal growth. Next Previous End

8. Presence of a black velvety coating (sooty mould)on the leaf surface • Transmission by Insect vectors • Mealy bug • Scale insect • Hoppers Common in most of the orchards In severe cases the trees turn completely black due to the presence of mould over the entire surface of twigs and leaves. Next Previous End

9. Management practices • Pruning of affected branches and their prompt destruction prevents the spread of the disease. • Spraying of 2 per cent starch is found effective. • It could also be controlled by spray of Nottasul + Metacin + gumacasea (0.2% + 0.1% + 0.3%). Next Previous End

10. Anthracnose The disease causes serious losses to young shoots, leaves stem, flowers and fruits under favorable climatic conditions of high humidity, frequent rains and a temperature of 24-32oC. The disease produces leaf spot, blossom blight, wither tip, twig blight and fruit rot symptoms. Tender shoots and foliage are easily affected which ultimately cause ‘die back’ of young branches Next Previous End

11. Symptoms • Infections on the panicles (flower clusters) start as small black or dark-brown spots. • These can enlarge, coalesce and kill the flowers. Flowers: Next Previous End

12. Fruits: • Prominent dark-brown to black decay spots or “tear stains”. • Fruit infections are common and can create severe decay of fruits Next Previous End

13. Leaves: Infections leaf as small, angular, brown to black spots. Next Previous End:

14. Stem: Dark-colored to black lesions can form on green stem tissues. Next Previous End

15. Management practices Spray twice with Carbendazim (0.1%) at 15 days interval during flowering to control blossom infection. Spray Copper fungicides (0.3%) for the control of foliar infection. Next Previous End

16. Die Back(Botryodiplodia theobromae )Symptoms: Disease occurs on the branches/ trunk of infested trees that start drying slowly at first and branches become completely dried / killed, resulting gummy substance oozes out or remains hanging on the tree . The disease is characterized by drying of twigs and branches followed by complete defoliation, which gives the tree an appearance of scorching by fire. Next Previous End

17. The young green twigs start withering first at the base and then extending outwards along the veins of leaf edges. The affected leaf turns brown and its margins roll upwards. Leaves scorch and fall, leaving a dead branch. In severe conditions, branches start drying one after another in a sequence resulting in death of the whole tree. Next Previous End

18. Management Practices Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%) on infected trees. Pruning should be done in such a way that the twigs are removed 2-3 inches below the affected portion. In small plants, pruning of twigs is followed by pasting of Copper oxychloride Next Previous End

19. Red rust (Cephaleuros virescens) Disease, caused by an alga, has been observed in mango growing areas. The algal attack causes reduction in photosynthetic activity and defoliation of leaves thereby lowering vitality of the host plant. The disease is more common in closely planted orchards. Next Previous End

20. Rusty red spots mainly on leaves and sometimes on petioles and bark of young twigs and is epiphytic in nature Symptoms The spots are greenish grey in color and velvety in texture, later they turn reddish brown Next Previous End

21. Management Practices Two to three sprays of Copper oxychloride (0.3%) control the disease Next Previous End

22. To sum up • Fungal diseases are adversely affect the yield and quality of fruits.it may be occur in leaves, twigs, stem and fruits. They are powdery mildew, sooty mould, anthracnose, red rust, die back, stalk end rot. • Powdery mildew – white powdery growth on leaf surface, stalks of panicles, flowers and young fruits - application wettable sulphur 0.2% • Sooty mould – presence of a black velvety coating – spraying of 2% starch • Anthracnose – Prominent dark-brown to black decay spots on leaves, flowers, fruits and twigs - Sprayed twice with Bavistin (0.1%) at 15 days interval • Red rust – Rusty red spots on leaves - three sprays of Copper oxychloride (0.3%) • Die back – Affected plants, twigs die from the tips back into old wood - Prune the diseased twigs and spray with Copper oxychloride (0.3%) Next Previous