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Succession Notes

Succession Notes. Range of Tolerance. Optimum Range Stress Zone Intolerance Zone. Limiting Factors. Sunlight Water/Humidity Nutrients. Succession. The change in biological communities of an area over a long period of time. Two Types of Succession:. Primary

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Succession Notes

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  1. Succession Notes

  2. Range of Tolerance • Optimum Range • Stress Zone • Intolerance Zone

  3. Limiting Factors • Sunlight • Water/Humidity • Nutrients

  4. Succession • The change in biological communities of an area over a long period of time

  5. Two Types of Succession: Primary • Initial establishment & development of a community • occurs on barren rock volcanic eruption, glacial retreat, pavement Secondary • Reestablishment of a community • remnants of previous community is still there abandoned field, after fire, flood, or hurricane

  6. Primary Succession:

  7. Secondary Succession:

  8. Stages of Succession: • Bare Rock • No soil, no available nutrients, no active life……not a community

  9. Stages of Succession: • Lichens&Mosses • Pioneer Species • First to colonize rocks • secrete acid onto rock which liberates nutrients that can be absorbed • catches wind-blown dirt • can take 100s to 1000s of years • very vulnerable to erosion • least diverse and least stable

  10. Stages of Succession: • Grasses & Shrubs • Early Succession Plants • don’t need deep soil • like full sun • shrubs move in and shade out grasses, killing them

  11. Stages of Succession: • Softwood • Early Mid-succession Plants • trees that need a lot of sunlight • Cedar, pine, aspen, locust • Trees displace grasses and shrubs

  12. Stages of Succession: • Mid-succession Plants • Tulip, ash, red maple, birch • Displace the soft woods

  13. Stages of Succession: • MixedHardwood Mature Forest • deciduous trees; oaks, maples, hickories, beech • saplings are shade-tolerant for the first few years • when an adult tree dies it leaves a hole in the canopy • saplings race to the top, grow tall quickly-not wide then grow slowly • Most Diverse, least likely to erode, very productive • Dominant species is reproducing, therefore climax stage

  14. Questions • What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? • What types of events can cause secondary succession? • What are some abiotic and biotic factors that play a part in succession? • How can humans cause succession?

  15. Big Question How does the ecosystem change as it moves through the stages of succession?

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