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Ch 10. Soils and Subsidence

Ch 10. Soils and Subsidence . A . Soil Classification B . Engineering Properties of Soil C . Settlement, Consolidation, Subsidence. Weathering forms Soils. Chemical Weathering in Soils. Oxidation: 4FeSiO 3 + O 2 + H 2 O  FeO(OH) + 4SiO 2

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Ch 10. Soils and Subsidence

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  1. Ch 10. Soils and Subsidence A. Soil Classification B. Engineering Properties of Soil C. Settlement, Consolidation, Subsidence

  2. Weathering forms Soils

  3. Chemical Weathering in Soils Oxidation: 4FeSiO3 + O2 + H2O  FeO(OH) + 4SiO2 Hydration: CaSO4 + 2H2O  CaSO4·2H2O Hydrolysis

  4. Expansive Soils (clay rich) • Platelets of clay • Negatively charged surfaces • Adsorb water . • Causing expansion

  5. SoilHorizons (Eluvial zone) (Illuvial zone) K Carbonate precipitation and grain coating R Bedrock (typically with some illuviated clay in fractures)

  6. Tropical Soils • Oxisols (Laterites) form in humid tropical climates • Iron and Aluminum oxides • Clays (Kaolinite, Gibbsite, Geothite)

  7. Formation of Aluminum Ore

  8. Arid Soils • Upward movement of soil water transports salts into shallow soil

  9. Soil Orders Soil Taxonomy Classification System Table 10.3

  10. US Soils

  11. Engineering Classification of Soils • Based on: • grainsize and • plasticity (i.e., clay content)

  12. USCS (ASTM D-2487)

  13. Galveston Bay Subsidence • Houston and coastal areas subsiding sue to pumping

  14. Land Subsidence • Subsidence related to pumping • Reduced pressure increases weight supported by soil skeleton • Water is expelled and land subsides

  15. Interferometer • Satellite imagery used to detect subsidence on a mm scale

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