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Warm-up

Warm-up. 1) What is the central dogma? 2) Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order. ___ Polypeptides (proteins) are formed as ribosomes move along the messenger RNA strand. DNA molecules serve as templates for making messenger RNA molecules.

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Warm-up

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  1. Warm-up 1) What is the central dogma? 2) Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order. ___ Polypeptides (proteins) are formed as ribosomes move along the messenger RNA strand. DNA molecules serve as templates for making messenger RNA molecules. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to ribosome. Messenger RNA molecules move to the ribosome. 3) List as many factors as you can that make a protein different from another protein

  2. Evolution:Science Department Unit Review#1-42Science Standards: 7a-d, 8a-e Charles Darwin

  3. History of the Earth (8e) 1. What is a fossil?

  4. History of the Earth (8e) 1. What is a fossil? • remains of ancient life

  5. 2. What is the fossil record?

  6. 2. What is the fossil record? • all the information about past life

  7. 3. What is macroevolution? Give an example.

  8. 3. What is macroevolution? Give an example. • evolution over long periods of time (millions of years) • ex Fossil Record

  9. 4. What is microevolution?

  10. 4. What is microevolution? • all of the small changes in genes that happen in a few generations • ex Light and Dark Moths, England

  11. 5. What are the four Geologic Eras (in order oldest – recent)?

  12. 5. What are the four Geologic Eras (in order oldest – recent)? • Most Recent • Oldest

  13. 6. Which era was the longest?

  14. 6. Which era was the longest? • Precambrian

  15. 7. Which era are we currently in?

  16. 7. Which era are we currently in? • Cenozoic

  17. 8. Label the eras below. A. B. C.

  18. 8. Label the eras below. Mesozoic A. Paleozoic B. Precambrian C.

  19. 9. What is a mass extinction?

  20. 9. What is a mass extinction? • a large number of unrelated species quickly die

  21. 10. Why did life continue to exist on Earth after each mass extinction?

  22. 10. Why did life continue to exist on Earth after each mass extinction? • new habitats and resources were available to them

  23. 11. Is there more or less diversity before a mass extinction?

  24. 11. Is there more or less diversity before a mass extinction? • More!!

  25. Natural Selection (8a) 12. Define natural selection:

  26. Natural Selection (8a) 12. Define natural selection: • how individuals who are better suited to survive and reproduce successfully in their environment

  27. 13. What happens to organisms that are NOT well suited to their environments?

  28. 13. What happens to organisms that are NOT well suited to their environments? • die or adapt

  29. 14. What does “survival of the fittest” mean?

  30. 14. What does “survival of the fittest” mean? • organisms with high levels of fitness (ability to survive, reproduce, and adapt)

  31. 15. Give one example of how natural selection occurs:

  32. 15. Give one example of how natural selection occurs: • Darwin’s Finches:Finches in the Galápagos Islands have beaks adapted to eat the foods available in the birds’ habitats.

  33. Diversity of Species (7c, 7d, 8b) 16. Define Species:

  34. Diversity of Species (7c, 7d, 8b) 16. Define Species: • a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

  35. 17. Define Diversity:

  36. 17. Define Diversity: • a variety of something such as animals or plants • (Pond A has more diversity)

  37. 18. Populations with (more or less) diversity are more likely to survive.

  38. 18. Populations with (more or less) diversity are more likely to survive. • MORE

  39. 19. Does asexual reproduction increase or decrease diversity?

  40. 19. Does asexual reproduction increase or decrease diversity? • DECREASE • Because (like cloning) all of its offspring would be the same.

  41. 20. What is a mutation?

  42. 20. What is a mutation? • is any change in a DNA sequence

  43. 21. Are mutations always harmful? Do they always have some effect? • Most mutations are harmless, and some are helpful

  44. 22. Do mutations increase or decrease diversity in a population?

  45. 22. Do mutations increase or decrease diversity in a population? • INCREASE

  46. 23. Which group in the diagram has the most biodiversity during the Cretaceous period? the Quaternary Period?

  47. 23. Which group in the diagram has the most biodiversity during the Cretaceous period? the Quaternary Period? • Lizards and Lizards • How? Look at the WIDEST band

  48. 24. Which of the ponds below has more diversity? Which has a higher chance of survival? • Pond A contains 100 organisms - 30 algae, 15 frogs, 10 cattails, 5 ducks, 5 geese, 20 guppies, 13 bass, and 2 alligators. • Pond B contains 100 organisms – 50 algae, 25 geese, 20 bass, and 5 alligators.

  49. 24. Which of the ponds below has more diversity? Which has a higher chance of survival? • Pond A --because contains 8 types of organisms • Pond A --because contains 4 types of organisms • Pond A contains 100 organisms - 30 algae, 15 frogs, 10 cattails, 5 ducks, 5 geese, 20 guppies, 13 bass, and 2 alligators. • Pond B contains 100 organisms – 50 algae, 25 geese, 20 bass, and 5 alligators.

  50. Genetics and Natural Selection (7a, 7b) 25. Does natural selection work directly on phenotypes or genotypes of an individual?

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