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Simple Machines

Simple Machines. Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw. Simple Machines. The Six Simple Machines. Mechanisms that manipulate force and distance. Pulley. Lever. Wheel and Axle. Wedge. Inclined Plane. Screw. Inclined Plane. A flat surface set at an angle or incline with no moving parts

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw

  2. Simple Machines The Six Simple Machines Mechanisms that manipulate force and distance. Pulley Lever Wheel and Axle

  3. Wedge Inclined Plane Screw

  4. Inclined Plane A flat surface set at an angle or incline with no moving parts Able to lift objects by pushing or pulling the load

  5. Inclined Plane AMA 15 ft 50. lbs 4 ft 20. lb What is the AMA of the inclined plane above? AMA = 2.5 = 2.5:1 What is the efficiency of the inclined plane above? = 0.67 or 67% Efficiency =

  6. Wedge • Functions as a moving inclined plane • Tapers to a thin edge • Used for splitting, raising heavy items, or tightening by expansion (being driven into something)

  7. Wedge IMA H 3.0 in. L 10.0 in. DE = Distance traveled by the effort = L DR = Distance traveled by the resistance = H What is the IMA of the wedge on the right? IMA = 10.0 in. / 3.0 in. = 3.33 = 3.3:1

  8. Wedge AMA 250. lb H 3.0 in. L 10.0 in. What is the AMA of the wedge on the right? 700. lb 700. lb AMA = 2.80 = 2.80:1 What is the efficiency of the wedge on the right? = 0.84 or 84% Efficiency =

  9. Screw Two Components: • An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, forming the screw’s “pitch” • A wheel and axle used to create rotary motion • Properties: • Change rotary motion into linear motion • Used as a threaded fastener • Large amount of friction loss (is this good or bad?) • Large MA

  10. Screw Identification Diameter Effort Arm Distance If using a wrench, effort arm distance would be the length of the wrench Pitch Distance between threads, also the linear distance traveled in one rotation of the screw. Example: a screw has 13 threads per inch, 13 TPI for short. The pitch (distance between threads) is 1/13 of an inch. Q: How far will a screw with 13 threads per inch advance if turned one full rotation? A:1/13 of a inch

  11. Screw Identification 1/4 x 20 x 3.0 NC M3 x 0.5 x 30 Pitch (TPI) M = Metric Thread description coarse or fine (Optional) Outside diameter of screw shaft (inches) Outside diameter of screw shaft (mm) Pitch (mm per thread) Standard Thread Information Length in inches (Optional) Metric Thread Information Length in mm (Optional)

  12. Screw Identification #4 x 40 x 2.0 NC Pitch (TPI) Thread description coarse or fine (Optional) Outside diameter of screw shaft (inches) Unified Thread Information Length in inches (Optional) • In Unified threads (measured in inches) there are numbered diameters #0 through #10 • #0 the smallest and #10 is the largest • The major diameter in Unified Threads = • 0.060" + 0.013" X (numbered diameter) • Example: A #2 has a major diameter of 0.086"

  13. Screw IMA 1/4 20 NC DE = One rotation of the effort = Circumference DR = Linear distance traveled during one rotation = Pitch What is the IMA of the screw above if effort is applied by an 8.0in. long wrench?

  14. Screw AMA 8 in. 1/4 20 NC 35 lb What is the AMA of the screw? 1200 lb AMA = 34.29 = 34:1 What is the efficiency of the screw? = 0.0341 or 3.4% Efficiency = Why is efficiency so low?

  15. Compound Machines Simple machines working in combination to complete a task Calculating mechanical advantage

  16. Image Resources Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip Art. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx

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