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Unlocking DNA Secrets: The Journey of Cell Specialization

Explore the intricate process of DNA replication and cell specialization. From DNA Polymerase to gene expression, delve into the unique functions and selective gene expressions that make each cell type distinct. Understand the importance of division of labour in multicellular organisms and the intricate mechanisms behind selective gene expression. Unravel the mystery of how identical DNA leads to diverse cell functions.

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Unlocking DNA Secrets: The Journey of Cell Specialization

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  1. Pair, Share! • Show your DNA replication diagrams to someone else on ANOTHER TABLE. • You will now “mark” it

  2. Check List • Includes ; • DNA Polymerase • Ligase, • Primer • Bases/nucleotides joining • Unwinds

  3. Still not clear …..

  4. Same but different .... • Four of the many different types of human cells (a) Three muscle cells (partial) (b) A nerve cell (partial) • They all share the same genome • What makes them different? (c) Sperm cells (d) Blood cells

  5. What things similar/different?

  6. Why have specialised cells? Division of Labour Multicellular organisms have millions of cells To ensure all process carried out – division of labour where cells become differentiated and specialised to carry out 1 specific function

  7. How many chromosomes/DNA?

  8. Big Question Everything has the same DNA – so what happens to get Each and every cell?

  9. Gene Expression; On and Off Once a cell becomes differentiated – the genes that code for only specific proteins to the workings of that cell are turned on. Only 3-5% of genes expressed in a typical human cell

  10. Think! • For a nerve cell neurotransmitters would be switched on, but mucus would be off • What genes would be turned on for ... • Goblet cell in lining of wind pipe • Saliva cells • White blood cells • Ovary cells

  11. Selective Gene Expression Once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell. So what happens before .......

  12. Review Genes are .... For different cells to become specialised ....

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