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The Beginnings of Civilization

The Beginnings of Civilization. Section 3. Vocabulary. irrigation surplus artisan Civilization Social class. Advantages of a Settled Life. Farming was harder than hunting and gathering. Farming had great rewards Food year-round No more traveling from place to place

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The Beginnings of Civilization

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  1. The Beginnings of Civilization Section 3

  2. Vocabulary • irrigation • surplus • artisan • Civilization • Social class

  3. Advantages of a Settled Life Farming was harder than hunting and gathering. • Farming had great rewards • Food year-round • No more traveling from place to place • Surplus of food and could be stored for later use

  4. The Population Grows • Extra food affected size of families (larger) • Farming caused population to grow

  5. Early Villages and Towns • As population grew, towns developed • Other professions grew since there was excess food • Artisans are workers skilled in crafting items from hand and make baskets, pottery, cloth, goods, tools

  6. The Growth of Cities • Cities developed in areas where rich soil created large surpluses of food • Cities needed a source of drinking water and materials to build shelters • Earliest cities developed by large rivers (Nile, Euphrates, Huang)

  7. The Earliest Cities • Earlier cities were different from farming villages • Cities were larger • Had buildings to store surplus grains • Buildings to worship gods • Buildings to buy and sell goods • People had different occupations

  8. Government Forms • As cities grow, governments are formed • Governments kept order in society and provided services • Settled disputes, managed public building, irrigation projects

  9. The First Civilizations • New Stone Age societies grew into civilizations • Civilization is a society that has cities, a central government run by official leaders, and workers who specialize in various jobs.

  10. The Bronze Age • Artisans discover that melting a certain rock at high temps would separate the metal copper from the rock. • They mixed copper with tin to make bronze • Beginning of the Bronze Age • Bronze was harder than copper and make items more durable • Bronze used to make weapons, helmets, shields, tools

  11. Trade and the Spread of Idea • Traders took items to faraway cities and traded them for goods and foods people wanted at home. • Around 3500B.C. the wheel and axle was developed and used by some civilizations • The wheel and axel allowed traded goods to be loaded into carts and pushed through the city • It helped with faster transportation and made it easier

  12. Merchant ships carried goods across seas and rivers • This brought different cultures • New ideas from different societies

  13. Social Classes Develop • Trade brought new prosperity • Developed social classes • Social class is a group of people having similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living • King was most powerful, priests (religion) and nobles (government), then artisans, small traders, merchants, common worker and farmers were the lowest ranked. • Slaves were a separate social class..beneath that of free people

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