Enlightenment

1. Understand that: The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability. from Absolutism to • Define absolutism – where did these monarchs claim they got their power? • How did absolute monarchs treat their subjects? • Get handouts • Take notes on absolutism – especially in France that leads to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution • Complete graphic organizer of key enlightenment thinkers (philosophes). • How will these philosophes’ ideas affect political leaders and their subjects in Europe? • Begin Philosophe Advertisement project. Enlightenment

2. Now showing:The Adventures of Versailles

3. Starring… Henry IV

4. Starring… Louis XIII

5. Starring… Cardinal Richelieu

6. And …the Star of the Show… Louis XIV

7. With a supporting cast of other absolute monarchs • England – the Tudor family • Russia – the Romanovs • Spain – Philip II • Austria – Habsburgs • Germany – Hohenzollerns • England – the Stuarts

8. Absolutely Louis • Louis XIV rules with divine right • Weakens nobles • Absolute monarch when England was a constitutional monarchy WHY???

9. Look Around, Louis! • Louis XIV on throne from 1643-1715 • English Glorious Revolution – 1688 • Bill of Rights, other previous documents limit King’s Authority • Prime Minister gaining power under Hanovers • England eliminates their absolute monarchs

10. Dad and Grandpa  • Henry IV assassinated in 1610 • Louis XIII takes throne at age 9 • Marie de Medici (Louis’ mother) was regent for next 7 years

11. Mama’s Boy/Cardinal’s Boy • Louis XIII kicks out Marie, keeps Cardinal Richelieu • Richelieu ends nobles’ powers • Nobles keep social status, but INTENDANTS take over administrative duties • Builds army, economy, national unity, and culture • Louis XIII is Richelieu’s puppet!!!

12. Bonjour, Louis XIV! • Takes control of government at age 23, rules for 72 years! • Doesn’t want to make same mistakes as Dad • Not a puppet • Keep limited nobility • Relies only on two major nobles • Fronde uprisings make him determined to be absolute monarch

13. A King and His Court • Builds Versailles to show glory of monarch • Officials live with him • Nobility attend to him in court rituals • Lavish lifestyle • Nobility and royalty don’t pay taxes

15. International Muscle • Bold foreign policy that frightens other monarchs • Wants to ally with Spain when king dies in 1700 • War of Spanish Succession to decide who gets Spain • 1713: Treaty of Utrecht ends war • France loses part of Canada

16. Can’t Win ‘Em All • Louis XIV fails to adjust tax system • Poor carry burden, many upper class exempt • Economic gap widens • Doesn’t fix treasury problem • Doesn’t change traditions • Legal systems, taxes, measures different all over France • Different authorities and regions for financial, judicial, religious, and administrative affairs Sound familiar?

17. Troubled Legacy • Nobles still aren’t happy • They don’t have power, but that doesn’t mean they don’t want it • Try to regain their power when Louis XV takes the throne • France has no money! • Buildings • Wars • Huguenots driven away

18. Understand that: The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability. fromEnlightenment to Check your Europe map for correctness Finish pamphlet – 45 minutes – then save to my drop folder as: “pamphlet” and both your last names The Enlightenment has a major impact on the American Revolution Revolution

19. 1. France • 2. Spain • 3. Germany • 4. Italy • 5. Poland • 6. Great Britain • 7. Russia • 8. Ukraine • 9. Greece • 10. Sweden • 11. Ireland • 12. Austria • 13. Romania • 14. Slovakia • 15. Hungary • 16. Turkey • 17. Switzerland • 18. Luxembourg 10 7 18 6 11 5 3 8 1 13 4 2 16 17 12 9 15 14

20. Serbia Albania Portugal Denmark Norway Czech Republic Netherlands Belgium Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Bosnia Slovenia FYROM Bulgaria Belarus 23 27 28 25 29 22 30 35 26 21 24 31 32 34 19 20 33

21. Enlightenment • Enlightenment Overview • People try to apply the scientific approach to all aspects of society • Political scientists propose new ideas about government • Philosophes (philosophers) advocate the use of reason to discover truths • Address social issues through reason

22. Enlightenment • Causes • Ideals of the Renaissance • Individualism, secularism, rebirth of classical teachings • Scientific Revolution • Logic, reason, mathematics • New way of thinking based on willingness to question assumptions • Absolutism • Reaction to government of total control • Questioning of Theory of Divine Right

23. Characteristics of Enlightened Thought Ideas incorporating the themes listed below were heavily discussed during this era • REASON-justification • HAPPINESS-What makes people happy? • LIBERTY-freedoms • PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science • NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe, etc) and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)

24. Impact of the Enlightenment People have confidence that human reason can solve social problems The individual becomes important as people use their own ability to reason and judge Absolutism is generally questioned as being the antithesis of enlightenment. Sets the stage for popular revolutions in the 18th and 19th Centuries Some monarchs make reforms Other Monarchs resist change to their power BUT…the common people, generally uneducated and distrusted by the philosophes, are not very enlightened.

25. ThThe American Revolution, 1776-1781e Enlightenment and Revolutions - Claiming abuses by the British Government and a general failure to safeguard the natural rights of the citizens, the American Colonies declare their independence from England. - Thomas Jefferson authors the Declaration of Independence, drawing heavily on the writings of John Locke and the ideals of the Social Contract as theorized by Rousseau and Hobbes: * Government must be created by the People * The people must consent to be governed * The primary job of the Government is to protect the people’s natural rights- Life, Liberty, and “The Pursuit of Happiness” * When a Government fails to protect these rights, then the people have the right to change their government, to overthrow it.

26. The Enlightenment and Revolutions John LockeThomas Jefferson

27. The Enlightenment and Revolutions John LockeThomas Jefferson “Darn, I looked better in the last picture”, J. Locke

28. The Enlightenment and Revolutions • Following the American Revolution, the Americans again embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment in the writing of their Constitution. James Madison heavily borrowed from the ideals of Montisquieu. • Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances make up the heart of the U.S. Constitution

29. The American Revolution and French Involvement: America’s war for independence was successful in part due to the assistance of the French government. One of the most influential French military assistants was Lafayette. *In 1777, Lafayette purchased a ship, and with a crew of adventurers set sail for America to fight in the revolution against the British. Lafayette joined the ranks as a major general and was assigned to the staff of George Washington. He served with distinction, leading America forces to several victories. On a return visit to France in 1779 Lafayette persuaded the French government to send aid to the Americans, specifically the commitment of the French Navy, and monetary support.

30. Connections between the American Revolution and the French Revolution Not only did French Citizens and Military directly participate in the American War for Independence, but the war itself, the ideals upon which it was based, and the eventual success served as inspiration for many of the French Citizens who had become disenchanted with their own government, especially King Louis XVI Another impact of the American Revolution was the additional Debt incurred by the French Government in assisting the Americans against the British, further pushing France into Financial Crisis.