3.4.6 The Excretory System in the Human 1

1. 3.4.6 The Excretory System in the Human 1 Follow-Me – iQuiz

2. Q. What is meant by the term excretion? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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4. Q. State the role of the kidneys in homeostasis. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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6. Q. What tube/structure connects the kidney to the bladder? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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8. Q. Explain the term plasma. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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10. Q. Explain why red blood cells are normally absent from glomerular filtrate. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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12. Q. Urea is an excretory product. Name a substance from which it is derived. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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14. Q. Where in the human kidney does re-absorption take place? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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16. Q. Name the blood vessel that supplies blood to a kidney. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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18. Q. In which cavity of the body are the kidneys located? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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20. Q. Name one substance, other than water, excreted in the urine. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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22. Q. Why is glucose normally absent from urine? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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24. Q. Give a feature of the kidney which indicates that it is an exocrine gland. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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26. Q. Mention one method of excretion in flowering plants. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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28. Q. Name the tube/structure that delivers urine outside the body. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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30. Q. Explain the term glomerular filtrate. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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32. Q. Carbon dioxide is an excretory product. Name a substance from which it is derived. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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34. Q. What is the source of the heat that keeps the body at a fairly constant temperature? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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36. Q. From which blood vessel does the renal artery arise? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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38. Q. The concentration of glucose is the same in plasma and glomerular filtrate. Why is this? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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40. Q. State two responses that result when body temperature begins to drop. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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42. Q. State two ways in which the body is insulated against loss of heat. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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44. Q. Describe the ways in which the body responds when its internal temperature rises above the normal level. Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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46. Q. Explain briefly how sweating assists in the shedding of excess heat Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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48. Q. What is an endotherm? Respiration Abdominal; Abdomen Has ducts; Does not produce hormones Film of H2O on body surface, heated by the body; water evaporates with the heat, body left cooler Animal that produces its own body heat; Body temp independent of environment temp Liquid part of the blood Aorta Maintaining water/salt balance; Osmoregulation Too big to pass into Bowman’s capsule Carbohydrate; Fat; Fatty acids Piloerection; Vasoconstriction; Brain initiates increased metabolic rate Urea; Salt; Uric acid Diffusion; Transpiration; Through lenticels or stomata; Leaf fall Plasma that has entered Bowman’s capsule Ureter Elimination of waste products of metabolism Protein; Amino acid Urethra Fat/Adipose tissue; Trapped air/Hair Usually reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubule Glucose is small and passes through Vasodilation; Sweat secretion; Hairs lie flat, less air trapped Renal artery

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