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Human Excretory System

Human Excretory System. Name: ___________________ Date: __________________. Excretory System. Excretion – removes cellular waste The process that collects & removes harmful or useless substances that form in the body or are taken into the body from the blood, tissues, and cells.

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Human Excretory System

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  1. Human Excretory System Name: ___________________ Date: __________________

  2. Excretory System Excretion – removes cellular waste The process that collects & removes harmful or useless substances that form in the body or are taken into the body from the blood, tissues, and cells.

  3. Excretory System Although the urinary system has a major role in excretion, other organs contribute to the excretory function.

  4. Four Organs of the Excretory System • The lungs in the respiratory system excrete some waste products, such as carbon dioxide and water. • The skin is another excretory organ that rids the body of wastes through the sweat glands. • The liver (via the intestines) excretes bile pigments that result from the destruction of hemoglobin. It also converts nitrogenous waste from the break down of proteins into urea. • The major task of excretion still belongs to the kidneys, the major organ in the urinary system. If it fails the other organs cannot take over and compensate adequately.

  5. Cellular Waste Heat Water Salts CO2 Urea W/O excretion poisonous wastes build up in blood, cells, and tissues. Could lead to serious illness & eventually DEATH!

  6. Liver – Some Functions • Excretes Bile • Contains • Worn-out RBC • Bile salts • Cholesterol Functions in Excretion • Detoxifies Blood • Filters Bacteria, alcohol, drugs, toxic substances • Changes them into inactive or less toxic forms.

  7. Liver Produces Urea Functions in Excretion • Forms Urea • Changes toxic wastes (ammonia – from break down of amino acids) to Urea. • Urea  Blood  Kidneys • Filtered out & excreted in Urine

  8. Lungs –Main Function • Alveoli - Exchange O2 & CO2 between air and • blood (through process of diffusion) • Lungs excrete CO2 when you EXHALE

  9. Skin Sweat Glands Help cool body: Heat escapes through millions of pores in skin surface Excrete perspiration (evap. cooling) 99% H2O Mineral Salts Urea

  10. Kidneys & Urinary System Urinary System – excretes waste and maintains homeostasis of body fluids. Kidneys (main organ of the system) Ureters Bladder Urethra

  11. Kidneys & Urinary System Kidneys Two Fist sized Bean shaped

  12. Kidneys- Functional Units & Product Nephron (about one million per kidney) Microscopic units that filter blood of wastes. H2O and waste taken from blood into nephron Form URINE • Glomerulus (clump of capillaries) • At end of each nephron • Network of coiled tubes – diffusion of wastes - while useful substances & water are reabsorbed • Urine • Pale yellow solution • Urea, H20, salts, other trace solutions (toxins…)

  13. Urinary System - continued Ureters Narrow muscular tubes Connect Kidney  Bladder • Bladder • Muscular sac • Stores Urine • Expand to fill • Muscle relaxes • Urine squeezed into Urethra

  14. Urinary System - endpoint Urethra Tube leading from Bladder  outside of body

  15. Failures of Homeostasis Bladder & Kidney Infectionscaused by bacteria from colon/rectum entering urethra. Kidney Stones - crystallization of mineral salts & uric acid that block passage of urine Kidney Disease - caused by long term diabetes, infections, & chemical poisoning Gout – form of arthritis where excess production of uric acid leads to deposits of crystals in joints (esp. toes)

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