Do Now : In your Comp. Notebooks

DoNow: In your Comp. Notebooks • Number your paper 1 – 5 • Answer the following questions… • Choose the BEST answer available

Question 1 • What effect did the Homestead Act of 1862 have on the United States? • It created reservations for Indian tribes, emptying the Plains for American settlers • It set aside land for public universities to be built, encouraging higher education in the U.S. • It forced factories to upgrade their safety standards and add fire escapes to their buildings • It brought waves of people west with the lure of free land to settle in the Great Plains

Question 2 • Why did most Exodusters migrate West? • to escape racial violence in the South • to prospect for gold and silver • to find relatives who fled during the Civil War • to work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms

Question 3 • The Morrill Land Grant Act aided in the development of federal lands by ______________. • Dividing reservation land into 160 acre plots for Native American families • Promoting the building of railroads on government property • Setting aside land for states to build public universities • Encouraging a “land rush” in Oklahoma speculators

Question 4 • Many Chinese immigrants in the late 1800s came to the United States on five year labor contracts for what purpose • To farm lands in the Great Plains • To take jobs in the steel mills • To work on the railroads • To fight against the Native American tribes

Question 5 (take a guess!) • Which of the following is a reason that caused the cattle boom to end in the mid-1880s? • Too few Americans ate beef. • Farmers were using barbed wire to fence in the open range. • Cattle prices had risen too high for many buyers. • The supply of Texas longhorn cattle had run out.

Question 1 • What effect did the Homestead Act of 1862 have on the United States? • It created reservations for Indian tribes, emptying the Plains for American settlers • It set aside land for public universities to be built, encouraging higher education in the U.S. • It forced factories to upgrade their safety standards and add fire escapes to their buildings • It brought waves of people west with the lure of free land to settle in the Great Plains

Question 2 • Why did most Exodusters migrate West? • to escape racial violence in the South • to prospect for gold and silver • to find relatives who fled during the Civil War • to work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms

Question 3 • The Morrill Land Grant Act aided in the development of federal lands by ______________. • Dividing reservation land into 160 acre plots for Native American families • Promoting the building of railroads on government property • Setting aside land for states to build public universities • Encouraging a “land rush” in Oklahoma speculators

Question 4 • Many Chinese immigrants in the late 1800s came to the United States on five year labor contracts for what purpose • To farm lands in the Great Plains • To take jobs in the steel mills • To work on the railroads • To fight against the Native American tribes

Question 5 (take a guess!) • Which of the following is a reason that caused the cattle boom to end in the mid-1880s? • Too few Americans ate beef. • Farmers were using barbed wire to fence in the open range. • Cattle prices had risen too high for many buyers. • The supply of Texas longhorn cattle had run out.

“Clashes on the Prairie” What do you expect to happen as more and more settlers move to the West?

Native Americans in West • As a whole, the Native Americans already living in the West want 2 simple things • Land • Protection as a “nation” • Most Native Americans were concentrated in the West now after the U.S. government had forced them there • Indian Removal Act under President Andrew Jackson

Role of Bison • Native Americans on the Plains hunted, farmed, and traded in traditional ways. • Plains people relied on the buffalo for a variety of survival needs • Buffalo provides many basic needs: • hides used for teepees, clothes, blankets, meat.

Decline of the Bison

Rath & Wright's buffalo hide yard, showing 40,000 buffalo hides baled for shipment. Dodge City, Kansas, 1878.

Differing Worldviews • Native Americans: land cannot be owned • Settlers: want to own land; land ownership is central to Americanidentity & Manifest Destiny • Settlers think natives forfeited land because they didnot“improveit” • By this they mean, they did not build things or create large farms • In reality, most Plains Indians were mobile people • Follow the bison herds • Since consider land unsettled, migrants go west to claim it

Indian Wars • 1864 – 1890’s • What are they? • A series of wars and battles to takelands and exterminatetheNativeAmericanculturesthroughout the United States

Famous Battles • Bear Paw Mountain • Sand Creek Massacre • Little Big Horn • Wounded Knee

Bear Paw Mountain • ChiefJoseph, of the Nez Perce, led 750 tribe members on a 1400 mile trek trying to get to safe haven in Canada • Pursued by American soldiers that finally surrounded Chief Joseph 30 miles from the Canadian border at Bear Mountain • Nez Perce fought but eventually surrendered • This 1400 mile trek is considered one of the most brilliant in American history

Chief Joseph • “I am tired of fighting.... Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I shall fight no more forever." -Chief Joseph, 1877

Sand Creek Massacre • The 1st of the Indian massacres • Chief Black Kettle flew the white flag but General Chivington ordered his troops to fire anyway • Indians fought with hardly any weapons mostly running away only to be chased down and shot • 200-400 Cheyenne murdered and mutilated mostly older men, women and children

Famous Chiefs & Warriors Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Lakota Tribe Leader in the battle of Rosebud Creek successfully turned back U.S. troops which were on their way to help General Custer Joined Sitting Bull at Little Big Horn Died after being ran through with a bayonet, trying to return to his sick wife • Lakota Tribe • Chief & Medicine Man • Killed by his own Lakota men; working for the Americans as police officers. • Leader of the Sioux at CUSTER’S LAST STAND • Wanted to be known as the last Native American leader to surrender

Famous Chiefs & Warriors Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

History of Presidential Actions • President Andre Jackson • Indian Removal Act • President Ulysses S. Grant • Forces Native Americans into Reservation System • President Grover Cleveland • Passes DawesAct

Dawes Act 1887 • Attempt to ASSIMILATE the Native Americans into white culture • Divide the Indian Reservations into 160 acre plots distributed to Indian heads of families • Indian families would learn to farm and become part of the agricultural economy • Forcededucation of Indian children in off-reservation boarding schools • Suppression of Native religions, languages, and culturalpractices. • This failed for many reasons • Resistance from Native Americans • Poor land for farming on reservations • Not used to farming methods

Assimilation • Integrate into culture and ideas of society • For Native Americans this was forced

Battle of Little Bighorn • Commonly known as “Custer’s Last Stand” • THE ONLY NATIVE AMERICAN VICTORY!!! • General Custer advanced his troops too quickly • Crazy Horse’s success against General Crook at Rosebud Creek delay Crook’s arrival • General Custer split his troops into three fronts • His troops were pushed back and surrounded by 1000’s of Lakota • Custer and all 210 of his troops were killed

Battle of Wounded Knee (Massacre) • The last battle/ massacre of Indian wars • Estimated that 350 Native American were killed at Wounded Knee, 29 American soldiers mostly by friendly fire • Soldiers were order to take weapons from the Native Americans. No one knows for but historians think… • Hotchkiss gun used on the Lakota could fire 200 rounds/minute • Many stories about what happened after the firing started • American soldiers killing anyone in sight, mutilating the bodies of the wounded, and killing those that surrendered

Do Now : In your Comp. Notebooks