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An evaluation of the reasons for the development of the Civil Rights campaign, after 1945.

An evaluation of the reasons for the development of the Civil Rights campaign, after 1945. Issue 5 . Introduction. Context Line of argument Factors Historical views.

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An evaluation of the reasons for the development of the Civil Rights campaign, after 1945.

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  1. An evaluation of the reasons for the development of the Civil Rights campaign, after 1945. Issue 5

  2. Introduction • Context • Line of argument • Factors • Historical views

  3. 2012: How important was the emergence of effective black leaders in the growing demand for Civil Rights between 1945 and 1968? 2010: How far was the growth of the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s due to the emergence of effective black leaders?

  4. Experience of WWII • Black soldiers talked about ‘the Double-V-Campaign’: Victory in the war and victory for Civil Rights at home • Philip Randolph is credited with highlighting the problems faced by black Americans during World War Two • Planned March on Washington in 1941 to protest against racial discrimination - Roosevelt’s response – Executive order 8802 • Roosevelt also established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to investigate incidents of discrimination • Creation of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1942 • Beginning of a mass movement for Civil Rights.

  5. Continuing racial discrimination pushed many black Americans to demand civil rights • The experience of war emphasised freedom, democracy and human rights yet in USA Jim Crow laws still existed and lynching went unpunished • The Emmet Till murder trial and its publicity • Education: 1954 Brown v Board of Education of Topeka; 1957 Little Rock Central High School • Transport: 1955 Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

  6. Effective black organisations formed • 1957 Martin Luther King and other black clergy formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to coordinate the work of Civil Rights groups • King urged African Americans to use peaceful methods • 1960 a group of black and white college students organised Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to help the Civil Rights movement • They joined with young people from the SCLC, CORE and NAACP in staging sit-ins, boycotts marches and freedom rides • Combined efforts of the Civil Rghts groups ended discrimination in many public places including restaurants, hotels, and theatres.

  7. The emergence of effective black leaders • Malcolm X – inspirational, but more confrontational. Articulate voice of Nation of Islam • Stokely Carmichael – Black power and rejection of much of MLK’s non violent approach. A direct ideas descendant of Marcus Garvey • All leaders attracted media coverage, large followings and divided opinion across USA • Black Panthers attracted attention but lost support by their confrontational tactics • Other leaders and organisations eclipsed by media focus on main personalities.

  8. Role of Martin Luther King • Martin Luther King – inspirational. Linked with SCLC. • Peaceful non violence and effective use of the media • Historians mixed about the importance of his role to the movement

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