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Dengue Fever

Dengue Fever. Chrisitna Vivelo. Overview. Virus Transmitted by mosquito bite Estimated 100 million cases worldwide each year No cure or vaccine, can only treat the symptoms Not fatal (in contrast to DHF) SYMPTOMS: Sudden high dever (104-105 C) Red rash

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Dengue Fever

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  1. Dengue Fever Chrisitna Vivelo

  2. Overview • Virus • Transmitted by mosquito bite • Estimated 100 million cases worldwide each year • No cure or vaccine, can only treat the symptoms • Not fatal (in contrast to DHF) • SYMPTOMS: • Sudden high dever (104-105 C) • Red rash • Second rash similar to measles later on in disease • Fatigue • Muscle ache • Nausea http://vietnam.adoptionblogs.com/weblogs/dengue-fever-warning-in-hanoi/comment-page-1

  3. History • First record: “water poison” in Chinese Medical Encyclopedia from Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD) • 1789: First confirmed case-Benjamin Rush • 20th century: Sir John Burton Cleland discovers transmission by mosquitoes • WWII allows disease to spread globally

  4. Global Outlook Possible reasons for increased outbreak Rapid population growth Inadequate urban infrastructure Migration from rural to urban environments Increase in solid waste- may serve as larval habitats for mosquitoes http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/impact/en/

  5. Transmission • Mosquitoes: Aedesaegypti and Aedesalbopictus • Must feed on human during 5 day period when person is symptomatic • Virus incubates inside mosquito 8-12 days • Mosquito remains infected for duration of its lifetime http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aedes_aegypti_during_blood_meal.jpg

  6. The Virus • Virus family: Flaviviridae • DENV-1 through DENV-4 • ssRNA, genome 11,000 bp long • Codes for: 3 structural proteins, 7 nonstructural

  7. Viral Proteins • E (envelope) protein- involved in attachment of virus to host cell • prM/M protein- involved in formation of viral particle • The Mannose Receptor- on macrophage-binds to glycoproteins on viral membrane http://www.abcam.com/Mannose-Receptor-antibody-ab64693.html

  8. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) • More severe symptoms of Dengue fever • Additional symptoms: bleeding, followed by shock-like state • Fatal • Occurs when patient is infected a second time by a different DENV • http://nabc.ksu.edu/content/factsheets/category/Viral%20Hemorrhagic%20Fever

  9. Treatment/Prevention • Can only treat symptoms • 2003- Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative • July 2010- NIH announces clinical trials for 19 possible vaccines • Environmental approaches: clean water supply, waste management, using screens and netting to keep mosquitoes out of homes

  10. Research • Modifying yellow fever vaccine YF-17D to fight Dengue virus • Mycophenolic acid and ribavirin- inhibit dengue virus replication by causing defective viral RNA production

  11. Refrences • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/dengue • Lai CJ, Monath TP (2003). "Chimeric flaviviruses: novel vaccines against dengue fever, tick-borne encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis". Advances in virus research 61: 469–509. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(03)61013-4. PMID 14714441. • Miller JL, deWet BJM, Martinez-Pomares L, Radcliffe CM, Dwek RA, et al. (2008) The Mannose Receptor Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Macrophages. PLoSPathog 4(2): e17. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.004001 • Takhampunya R, Ubol S, Houng HS, Cameron CE, Padmanabhan R (2006). "Inhibition of dengue virus replication by mycophenolic acid and ribavirin". J. Gen. Virol. 87 (Pt 7): 1947–52. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81655-0. PMID 16760396. • Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever • World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/impact/en/

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