OCULAR ADNEXA

1. OCULAR ADNEXA

2. OCULAR ANNEXAS • CONJUNCTIVA • EYELID • LACRIMAL SISTEM • ORBIT

3. THE EYELIDS • Congenital abnormalities of eyelids • Abnormalities of eyelids shape and position • Inflamation of eyelids • Tumors of eyelids

4. . • 4Blepharoptosis – dropping of the upper lid

5. 6Epicanthus – a vertical skin fold occurring in the medial canthus that conceals the medial angle and the caruncle.

6. Abnormalities of shape and position • Entropion • Ectropion • Blepharoptosis

7. Entropion • eyelid margin is turned inward so that the lashes irritate the eye which causes corneal epithelial defects, conjunctival injection and tearing, sometimes leading to secondary infection of the cornea or conjunctiva

8. Ectropion • eyelid margin is turned away from the eye so that the conjunctiva is exposed • atonic • cicatricial • spastic • allergic

9. Blepharoptosis • condition in which the upper eyelid drops and the palpebral fissure is narrowed • Surgical correction of blepharoptosis: • resection of the conjunctiva, tarsus, Muller muscle corrects up to 3 mm of blepharoptosis; • resection of levatorpalpebrae muscle is recommended in moderate blepharoptosis; • when the levatorpalpebrae muscle function is absent the upper eyelid is suspended to the frontalis muscle by means of fascia lata or synthetic material.

10. Inflamation of eyelids • Blepharitis • Meibomitis • Hordeolum • Chalasion • Dermatitis

11. Blepharitis • cronic inflamation of the eyelid margin • Treatment: • lid hygiene • warm compresses • antibiotics • corticosteroids

12. Meibomitis • passive retention of secretion by meibomian glands • Treatment: eyelid margin massage with moist washcloth

13. Hordeolum • acute supurative inflammation of the follicle of an eyelash or the associated gland of Zeiss (sebaceous) or Mall (sweat)

14. Chalasion • chronic inflammatory lipogranuloma of a meibomian gland • Clinical • gradual painless swelling of the gland • increase of size chalasion may cause pressure on the globe and astigmatism • sometimes it may become secondary infected.

15. Dermatitis • large variety of microbial organisms can infect the skin of eyelid • Impetigo • Erysipelas • Anthrax • malignant pustule • tuberculosis,leprosy, • herpes zoster, • verucavulgaris, • molluscumcontagiosum

16. Tumors of eyelids • Benign tumors • papilloma • cutaneous horn • seborrehoeickeratosis • keratoachantoma • hemangioma • melanotic nevi • Malign tumors • basal cell carcinoma • squamous cell carcinoma • melanoma

17. papilloma • irregular, frond-like projection of the skin with a central vascular pedicle • Treatment: is usually esthetic and only sometimes symptomatic and consists in excision of the tumor LECTURER DR. RUSU VALERIU

18. cutaneous horn • firm projecting keratinized mass LECTURER DR. RUSU VALERIU

19. seborrehoeickeratosis • extremely common in the elderly and appears as a slow-growing, discrete, greasy, brown, round or oval lesion with friable verrucose surface

20. keratoachantoma • Typically starts as an erithematous papule • grows and raises in a pinkish, indurate nodule • keratin-filled crater • undergoes spontaneous regression

21. hemangioma • Treatment • local injection with corticoids • arterial ligature of the main sources • excision

22. basal cell carcinoma • most common malignant tumor of the eyelid • from the lower eyelid or medial canthus • slow growing • locally invasive • very late metastasize

23. squamous cell carcinoma • the grown rate and the metastasize are faster

24. Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma • .