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Cat Dissection

Cat Dissection . By: Brigid Tracy; Haylee Alonso; Jess Duthie; Nicole Chagachbanian, Hannah Grogan . Important Terms . Cranial- toward or pertaining to the head Caudal- toward or pertaining to the tail or rear Rostral- the most forward portion of the body Dorsal- toward the back

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Cat Dissection

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  1. Cat Dissection By: Brigid Tracy; Haylee Alonso; Jess Duthie; Nicole Chagachbanian, Hannah Grogan

  2. Important Terms • Cranial- toward or pertaining to the head • Caudal- toward or pertaining to the tail or rear • Rostral- the most forward portion of the body • Dorsal- toward the back • Ventral- away from the back or toward the belly • Medial- toward the middle • Lateral- away from the middle • Proximal- the point nearest to the central axis • Distal- the point furthest from the central axis • Superficial- toward the surface • Deep- away from the surface • Superior- toward the top of a vertical plane • Inferior- away from the top of a vertical plane

  3. Tools • Blunt probe- very useful in tearing through connective tissue • Scissors- used to cut through skin, muscle • Scalpel- used to gently scrape away connective tissue • Needle probe- used as a pointer, or to attach the specimen to the dissecting tray • Forceps- used to grasp small objects and to remove connective tissue • Protective gear- because the preservative can be irritating to your skin and damage you clothes

  4. Head and Neck • Pinnae(external ears) • Eyes • Superior palpebrae( upper eyelids) • Inferior palpebrae(lower eyelids) • Nostrils( external nares) • Vibrissae (whiskers) • Nicitating membrane- originates in the lower medial corner of the eye; transparent 3rd eyelid

  5. Trunk • Thoracic region • Abdominal region • Pelvic region • Pectoral region- ventral side of thorax • Back- dorsal side of thorax • Nipples- ventral surface of trunk in thoracic and abdominal regions; 2 rows of paired nipples associated with mammary glands • Genital region- posterior end of the pelvic region in both sexes • Testes • Penis • Urogenital aperture- external opening to the vagina and urethra

  6. Useful Terms • Flexion- decrease in the angle at the joint between articulating bones • Extension- decrease in the angle at a joint • Abduction- movement away from the body's midline • Adduction- movement toward the body’s midline • Rotation- movement around a central axis • Supination- lateral rotation of the hand upward • Pronation- medial rotation of the hand downward • Eversion- rotation of the sole of the foot outward • Inversion- rotation of the sole of the foot inward • Circumduction- rotation of a limb around a central axis

  7. Limbs and Tail • Limbs- as a typical quadruped mammal, the cat has four limbs- two upper forelimbs and two lower hind limbs. • Tail- is covered with variable amounts of fur and is useful as a rudder and balance beam during locomotion

  8. Skinning

  9. Pectoralis Major Origin: cranial half of sternum Insertion: proximal third of the humerus Action: adduction of the forelimb

  10. Pectoralis Minor Origin: six vertebrae or xiphoid process Insertion: ventral border of the humerus Action: adduction of the forelimb

  11. External Oblique Origin: lumbodorsal fascia of the caudal ribs Insertion: sternum and along linea alba Action: compression of the abdomen

  12. Internal Oblique Origin: lumbodorsal fascia of the caudal ribs Insertion: sternum and along the linea alba Action: compression of the abdomen

  13. Transverse abdominis Origin: aponeurosis of the caudal costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae, and ventral border of ilium Insertion: along linea alba Action: compresses the abdomen

  14. Rectus Abdominis Origin: iliac crest Insertion: cartilage of the S’h-7’h ribs and the xiphoid Action: compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk

  15. Trapezius Origin: 7th thoracic vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae Insertion: acromion process, scapula, and clavicle Action: extends humerus, adducts scapula

  16. Latissimus Dorsi Origin: 4th or 5th thoracic vertebrae to the 6th lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Medial surface of the humerus Action: pulls forelimb dorsocaudally

  17. Sternomastoid Origin: cranial border of the manubrium Insertion: lamboidal ridge and mastoid process of the temporal bone Action: contraction by both will flex head; individual contraction will rotate head

  18. Cleidomastoid Origin: mastoid process of temporal bone Insertion: lamboidal ridge and mastoid process of the temporal bone Action: contraction by both will flex head; individual contraction will rotate head

  19. Biceps Brachii Origin: scapula Insertion: radius Action: flexion of the forearm, but also supinates the Manus and stabilizes the shoulder joint

  20. Triceps Brachii Origin: lateral head of the humerus; long head (scapula); medial head (medial side of humerus) Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: extension of antebrachium

  21. Sartorius Origin: iliac crest Insertion: fascia surrounding the knee and tibia Action: adduction and rotation of the femur and extensions of the shank

  22. Gracilis Origin: Ischium and pubis Insertion: thin Apo neurosis associated with the shank Action: adducts and retracts the thigh

  23. Biceps Femoris Origin: one head in the cat; ischium Insertion: tibia and patella Action: abducts the thigh and flexes the shank

  24. Semitendinosis Origin: ischium Insertion: medial surface of the tibia Action: flexes lower leg

  25. Vastus Medialis Origin: shaft of the femur Insertion: tibia

  26. Rectus Femoris Origin: ilium near acetabulum Insertion: tibia

  27. Vastus Lateralis Origin: greater trochanter and shaft of femur Insertion: tibia

  28. Gastrocnemius Achilles tendon Origin: lateral head (patella/femur/tibia) medial head (femur) Insertion: Achilles tendon that attaches to calcaneus bone Action: extends the pes and flexes the antebrachium

  29. Gluteus Maximus (smaller) Origin: transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal verterbrae Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: abducts thigh

  30. Gluteus Medius (bigger) Origin: iliac crest, last sacral vertebrae, 1’ caudal vertebrae Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur Action: abducts the thigh

  31. External Intercostals Origin: cranial rib Insertion: adjacent caudal rib Action: protraction of the irbs, which is required for inspiration

  32. Longissimus Dorsi Origin: spines of vertebrae; ilium Insertion: processes of more cranial vertebrae Action: extends the vertebral column

  33. Gastrointestinal tract Long winding tube that carries food through its length Esophagus: Liver: Stomach: Small Intestine: Large intestine:

  34. Accessory organs Supportive organs that lie outside the GI tract (teeth salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)

  35. Diaphragm An internal muscular partition dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

  36. Lingual frenulum The ventral fold of tissue attaching the tongue to the floor of the mouth

  37. Filiform Sharp projections off of the cats tongue to give a friction surface for grooming

  38. Esophagus Long, muscular tube that transports swallowed materials from the pharynx to the stomach (behind trachea)

  39. Mesentery Double layer of peritoneum that extends from the visceral peritoneum of the small and large intestines to the dorsal abdominal wall

  40. Liver Prominent, dark-brown organ lying immediately deep to the diaphragm with most of its bulk on the right side

  41. Gallbladder Thin walled sac that receives newly manufactured bile from the liver for temporary storage

  42. Stomach J-Shaped enlargement of the GI tract; functions as a temporary reservoir for swallowed food

  43. Small Intestine Long winding tube that finalizes chemical digestion and is the only side for nutrient absorption

  44. Large Intestine Caudal portion of the GI tract; absorbs water from the contents that arrive from the small intestine, prepares and forms the feces

  45. Rectum Terminal segment of the large intestine

  46. Pancreas Located just below the greater curvature of the stomach; functions in the secretion of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, secretion of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

  47. Larynx Box like structure composed of 5 cartilages that create a small chamber; houses the vocal cords which produces sound when exhaled air in channeled through

  48. Trachea Tubular air passageway extending from the larynx to the thoracic vertebra, where it divides

  49. Lungs Multi-lobed structures located lateral, cranial, and caudal to the heart; consists of many air-filled alveoli

  50. Kidneys Bean shaped organs partially embedded in fat against the dorsal body wall

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