US History

1. US History Short version

2. Colonization • New England – economy: trade • Massachusetts Bay • Puritans, separatists from English Church looking for religious freedom • Salem Witch Trials • New England Way and town meetings – only white male Puritans can participate • Rhode Island, Connecticut • Established by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson for religious freedom from Puritans

3. Middle Colonies – economy: bread basket of colonies - trade • New York (a.k.a. New Amsterdam – founded by the Dutch) • Pennsylvania - Quakers • Southern Colonies- economy: tobacco Middle Colonies – economy: bread basket of colonies - trade New York (a.k.a. New Amsterdam – founded by the Dutch) Pennsylvania - Quakers • Southern Colonies- economy: tobaccoVirginiaColony • Came for business – looking for gold • Jamestown • House of Burgesses – 1st legislative assembly • Tobacco • Bacon’s Rebellion • Quebec – economy: fur trade, timber/lumber • France founded it along Great Lakes area

4. Revolutionary Era • French and Indian War puts GB in debt • They raise taxes • Stamp Act – colonies pay tax for paper • Intolerable Acts – punishment for Boston Tea party; closed port of Boston till pay back tea • Sons and Daughters of Liberty protest • Sew own clothes, boycott tea, Committees of Correspondence pass letters between colonies • Thomas Paine writes Common Sense • Question divine right to rule and GB rule of colonies; convinces colonists to leave GB • Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence

5. Revolutionary War • Battles of Concord and Lexington • In Massachusetts…HAPPENED BEFORE THE DOI • Battle of Saratoga – TURNING POINT-convinces French we can be winners • Crossing of the Delaware – Washington, Christmas Eve, surprises and captures Hessians. • Battle of Yorktown – Last battle-Lord Cornwallis surrenders.

6. Constitutional Era • Articles of Confederation – WEAK!! • No power to tax • No executive • No separation of powers • No military • Too easily amended • Shays Rebellion happens… uh oh. Govt. is weak. Can’t stop it. • Alexander Hamilton and Madison write Federalist Papers to convince people they need a FEDERAL govt.

7. Continental Congress Writes US Constitution *JamesMadison=*STRONG federal/national/central government. Separation of powers. Three branches. *Great Compromise=bicameral-2 house Congress- one based on small states/one on large3/5 Compromise= slaves will count as only 3/5 of pop.

8. Southern states refuse to sign until __________________is written protecting states and individuals from abusive federal/central/national govt.Proclamation of _________– Washington says don’t get involved in ____________________________________________________________!!!! Bill of Rights Neutrality Foreign affairs, specifically French Revolution and wars between England and France

9. Alexander Hamilton FOCUS ON • Secretary of Treasury • Wanted to set up National Bank in North • South wants it located in South • compromise – put capitol in South if National Bank is in North • Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury advises Washington to pay of war debts through Whiskey tax. • Whiskey Rebellion • Washington himself leads troops and puts down rebellion. • Shows that the federal/national/central government US Constitution works…go Whiskey!

10. Country Tested/Westward Expansion • 1812 War • US vs. GB – GB still wants to control Great Lakes trade • We win; get sense of national identity • Mexican-American War - 1848 • Win territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean • Gadsen Purchase – bought by Southern businessman hoping to have Transcontinental railroad in South

11. FOCUS ON Andrew Jackson • Jacksonian Democracy - Expanded suffrage to white, non-land owning males • Expanded power of executive branch • Went against Supreme Court and forced Indian Removal

12. Issue of Slavery • Missouri Compromise – draw line; most of former Louisiana Purchase states would come in as free • Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Af. Am. Pastor who led slave rebellion in VA • Wilmot Proviso – ban slavery in territory won in Mex. Am. War • Compromise of 1850 – California comes in as free state; New Mexico gets popular sovereignty; Fugitive Slave Act; slave trade outlawed in Wash. DC • John Brown’s Raid – Harper’s Ferry – white abolitionist • Kansas-Nebraska Act – allows these states to have popular sovereignty - leads to mini Civil War as voters move in to try to sway the vote • Lincoln Elected • SC Secedes

13. Civil War • Fort Sumter • 1st battle of war • Force Lincoln to declare war • Antietam • Union wins; allows Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proc • Vicksburg • Union gains control of Mississippi River; Grant and Jackson Western Generals • Gettysburg • South brings fight North to Penn. • Bloodiest battle • Gettysburg Address • March to the Sea • Sherman “scorched earth policy/total war” • Burns 60-mile wide strip from ATL to Savannah • Appomattox Courthouse • Robert E. Lee, CSA general, Surrenders

14. Reconstruction • Transcontinental Railroad helps people move west • Buffalo killed off; Indians moved to Reservations out West • Union organizes south into military districts; monitor treatment of freedmen • Whites don’t get right to vote but Blacks do • Southern states elect new State Governments and write new Constitutions • 13th Amendment – slavery outlawed • 14th Amendment – citizenship for freed slaves • 15th Amendment – voting rights for all males (including Black males) • Freedmen’s Bureau – helps blacks get housing, legal advice, jobs • Impeachment of Johnson by Radical Republicans • He vetoed a lot of bills that helped blacks in the South • Declared not guilty • Compromise of 1877 • North withdraws military out of South; South lets Nor • Ends Reconstruction

15. Gilded Age • Growth of factories and cities • Southern and Eastern European immigrants move in large #s and work • Ellis Island opened • Tenement housing and ethnic ghettos – Polish, Italian, Czech, Jewish ghettos • Laissez-faire government – govt. stays out of economy (lets businesses do what they want) • Pullman Strike • Govt. sends in military to force railcar workers in Chicago back to work • Because govt. not helping workers, they begin to organize unions • Samuel Gompers – 1st labor union – American Federation of Labor

16. Spanish American War • Fought Spain under Roosevelt corollary • Kicked them out of Cuba and gave Cuba interdependence • Gained Spain’s other territories: Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico • Era of imperialism for America

17. Progressive Era • In general, government becomes more responsive to the needs of the people • Government Regulation of Business – govt. makes laws to force business owners/factories to follow rules – no more laissez-faire • Establish 40-hour work week • 8-hour work day • Prevent Child Labor • Force factories to create safer working conditions • Expansion of Suffrage • 17th Amendment – senators directly elected by the people instead of chosen by state legislatures • Initiative – voters take the ‘initiative’ to get signatures on an issue and force the legislature to vote on a law • Recall – voters can vote to ‘remove’ or recall an elected official that isn’t doing their job • Referendum – voters can request a special election on issue/law with enough signatures on an ‘initiative’

18. Teddy Roosevelt – Square Deal • Led volunteer Cavalry (horse) unit at Battle of San Juan Hill during SAW • Led Progressive Era • Pure Food and Drug Act • Meat Inspection Act • Conservation of Forests

19. WWI • Sedition Acts – makes it illegal to speak out against the government or hinder the military; violates 1st amendment • Eugene V. Debs – socialist; speaks out against the war; arrested and sent to jail; runs for president in Socialist Party from jails • Sinking of the Lusitania; Zimmerman Telegram • Woodrow Wilson – Fourteen Point Speech; create League of Nations • Red Scare - • Immigration restriction acts – goal? Prevent socialists, Jews, and Catholics from Southern and Eastern Europe18th Amendment • 19th Amendment

20. Harlem Renaissance • Growth of African American Art centered in Harlem, a neighborhood in NYC • Growth in popularity Jazz – form of African American music from New Orleans • Speakeasies – illegal bars • Cotton Club – white patrons but Black performers • Louis Armstrong – Satchmo – trumpet player • Langston Hughes – African American poet who wrote about Black issues • NAACP established by W.E.B. DuBois to stop lynching

21. Great Depression – 1930s • Causes: • Overproduction • Under consumption • stock market crash • Speculation • Margin buying • Runs on banks • 25% or ¼ of population out of work • Hoovervilles – shantytowns that burned down easily • Dust bowl make depression worse; causes hundreds of 1,000s of refugees to move to California looking for work

22. Franklin Delano Roosevelt – New Deal • Great Depression programs help out of work people • TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority – put dams along Tennessee River to provide electricity for Appalachia • CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps – work groups built bridges, roads, community centers • Social Security – For retired people; out of work insurance; hurt on the job protection • FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – government insured up to $5,000 of savings • Huey Long – socialist/communist Gov. from Louisiana • Said FDR’s New Deal wasn’t doing enough to help out of work • Share Our Wealth (SOW) – cap income at $1 million; give the rest to the govt. for • Was assassinated during the election campaign • Eleanor Roosevelt – supporter of African American and women’s rights

23. WWII • Rationing, conservation, women jobs, war mobilization • Pearl Harbor – gets US into the war • Battle of Midway – Japanese attack on Island of Midway; the US needed it for a refueling station • D-Day – the British and US attack on Normandy, France; to push back the Germans • Fall of Berlin – when Berlin fell to Russia and WWII in Europe ends • Los Alamos – the location of the atom bomb project • Hiroshima – A bomb dropped on Japan ends WWII in Pacific

24. Post-WWII Foreign Policy • Marshall Plan – plan by Sec. of State George Marshall to help rebuild Europe • Division of Germany and Berlin – Russia and the US divide Germany and Berlin; half is communist and half is democratic • United Nations – new version of the League of Nations; HQ in US; US joins this time • NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization -anti-communist nations led by US and democratic European nations form organization for defense against Russia • Warsaw Pact – Russia and other communist nations form organization for defense against democratic nations American Policy • Levittowns – suburbs built mass production style • Baby Boom – increase in US population when soldiers return home; leads to housing shortage and mini-recession • Interstate Highway Act – fed. Govt. builds highways connecting every major city • Television drives consumerism (tv ads make people want to buy lots of stuff)

25. Truman • Desegregates the military • Truman Doctrine – prevent communism from spreading by giving countries money • Turkey Greece – containment SUCCESS!!! • 400 million paid to help anti-communist rebels

26. Cold War • Space Race – race to the moon • Sputnik – first satellite in space; causes America to ramp up it’s space program • Arms Race – US and Russia make as many nuclear bombs as possible • Korean War – containment SUCCESS 1/2way!! • Vietnam War – containment FAIL!!!

27. JFK • Wins 1960 election against sweaty Nixon • First televised debate • Bay of Pigs – US tries to take over Cuba – fails!!! Embarrassment • Cuban Missile Crisis –Russia puts nukes in Cuba; almost have WWII; US takes nukes out of Turkey and Russia takes nukes out of Cuba

28. LBJ • Wins against conservative Barry Goldwater • Great Society - his plan to help poor America • Medicare, Medicaid – for poor and elderly • Head Start – for pre-k kids • Increased involvement in Vietnam • Civil Rights Act -1964 – discrimination in public places ends • March on Washington – I Have a Dream Speech • Voting Rights Act – 1965 – intimidation at polls ends; poll taxes ends;

29. 1968 – bad Year for LBJ • MLK killed • RFK killed • Tet Offensive in Vietnam • At the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, riots over the Vietnam war break out • Cause by Tet Offensive and increased bombing of civilians in Cambodia

30. Nixon Republican/Conservative • Rachel Carlson writes Silent Spring; Nixon signs Environmental Protection Agency Act • Watergate Scandal – his party breaks into the Watergate Hotel; he lies and says he knew nothing about it • He resigns

31. Gerald Ford • Became Prez when Nixon steps down • Pardoned Nixon – seen as weak president • Only president to never have been elected

32. Carter • Farmer from GA • Iranian Hostage Crisis – Iran is angry at US for letting their Shah come to America for Med. Treatments • They take hostages and don’t release them till after Carter is voted out • Camp David Peace Accords – signs peace treaty between Israel and Egypt

33. Reagan • Iran-Contra Affair – US sends $ to Israel, Isreal sends weapons to Iran; Iran sends $ to Isreal; Isreal send $ back to US; US sends $ to the Contras leading a rebellion in Nicaruagua • Reaganomics – build up military but reduce size of govt by ending welfare • Fall of Berlin Wall – Germany reunites • Communism collapses in Russia

34. Clinton • NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement • Impeachment – for perjury and obstruction of justice NOT for having an affair

35. Bush • Wars on Terrorism – Iraq and Afghanistan • Wins 2000 Election by vote of Supreme Court • Decide not to recount even though Gore won 500,000 more votes than Bush • Bush wins electoral college votes