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Chapter 24:Chemical Compounds

Chapter 24:Chemical Compounds. 24.1 – Ionic and Covalent Compounds. Properties of Ionic Compounds. Form crystals Crystal lattice – the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged. Properties of Ionic Compounds. Have high melting points and boiling points. Properties of Ionic Compounds.

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Chapter 24:Chemical Compounds

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  1. Chapter 24:Chemical Compounds

  2. 24.1 – Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  3. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Form crystals • Crystal lattice – the regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged

  4. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Have high melting points and boiling points

  5. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Very soluble • When dissolved in water, conduct electricity well

  6. Properties of Covalent Compounds • Low melting points and low boiling points

  7. Properties of Covalent Compounds • Low solubility • Poor conductivity

  8. 24.2 Acids and Bases • Properties of acids: • Tastes sour • Reacts with metals and carbonates • Turns blue litmus paper red • Conduct Electric current • Properties of bases: • Tastes bitter • Feels slippery • Turns red litmus paper blue • Conduct electric current

  9. Uses of Acids and Bases

  10. 24.3 Solutions of Acids and Bases • Acids produce hydrogen (H+) ions in water • HCl = hydrochloric acid • HNO3 = nitric acid • H2CO3 = carbonic acid • H2SO4 = sulfuric acid • HC2H3O2 = acetic acid • H3PO4 = phosphoric acid

  11. Acids and Bases in Solution • Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water • Some bases do not contain OH-, but will react with water to form OH- • NaOH – sodium hydroxide • KOH – potassium hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide • Al(OH)3 – aluminum hydroxide • NH3 – ammonia • CaO – calcium oxide

  12. Strength of Acids and Bases • Strength = how well the acid or base forms ions • pH = power of hydrogen; range of values to measure H+ concentration • 0-6.9 is a low pH = high H+, low OH-, acid • 7 is a neutral pH = H+ and OH- are equal • 7.1-14 is a high pH = low H+, high OH-, base

  13. Each unit of the pH scale represents a tenfold change in acidity!

  14. Acid-Base Rxns • Acid + Base  salt + water • Neutralization Rxn • A salt is an ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid • Examples: • HCl + NaOH  ? • HCl + KOH  ?

  15. Acid, Base, Salt or Neither? • NH4OH • H3PO4 • NH4Cl • H2O • HC2H3O2 • H2SO4 • NaCl • CO2 • Mg(OH)2 • NH3

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