Intro. t o Game Programming

1. Intro. to Game Programming Want to program a game?

2. Very Important Points • Classroom etiquette • Lab etiquette • Problems with • Teacher • Course content (Course Outline) • Evaluation • Programming for labs • Personal

3. Basics • Game Consoles and mobile devices • Hardware, Software and Firmware • 1’s and 0’s • Assembly Language • HLL (High Level Language)

4. Game Consoles and Mobile • All game machines share their internals with regular computer architecture • All game machines have • Input • Output • Processing

5. Hardware, Software & Firmware • Hardware refers to a PHYSICAL DEVICE • Software refers to INFORMATION that commands a device • Firmware refers to EMBEDDED Software – fixed INSIDE a device

6. Processing • Game consoles have microprocessors that understand and perform operations based on a PATTERN of 1’s and 0’s

7. 1’s and 0’s • Can be COMMANDS (or INSTRUCTIONS) to a device • Can be DATA for use by a device • Determination of interpretation depends on the CONTEXT of the 1s and 0s

8. Machine Code • Jumping to the address 1024: [ op | target address ] 2 1024 decimal 000010 00000 00000 00000 10000 000000 binary

9. Assembly Code • MOV r0, #0C ;load base address of string into r0LOAD: MOV r1,(r0) ;load contents into r1CALL PRINT ; call a print routine to print the character in r1INC r0 ;point to next characterJMP LOAD ;load next character • ALMOST ENGLISH

10. High Level Language • Early HLL – Fortran – Cobol • Basic • Pascal • C (from B) Jumping to the address 1024: • C++ • Java

11. Why C++? • Industry Standard • 70% of Game Developers use this language on a DAILY basis • Object-oriented • Practical outside of game development in industry

12. How do we make a program? • Compile • Link • Load

13. COMPILE • Command Linecc -c file.c • GUI (Graphical User Interface)Go to menu option… Build and select Compile

14. COMPILE (More) • Compiling takes English-like language and creates instructions that the computer can follow. • Calls to other code will be links and need to be resolved in order to build REAL executable 1’s and 0’s

15. LINK and LOAD • Command Lineln file1.o file2.o • GUI (Graphical User Interface)Go to menu option… Build and select BUILD

16. LINK and LOAD (More) • All calls to other code are resolved into actual locations where the code is now residing. • Programmers use libraries that contain many commonly requested functions. These are resolved in the LINK and LOAD process as well • The LOAD process refers to the first part of executing (or running) the program on a computer.

17. Hello World in C++ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << “Hello World" << endl; return 0; }

18. Hello World in C++ #include <iostream> • Preprocessor command – starts with ‘#’ • Processed BEFORE actual compile • Effect of including an entire file inside your file

19. Hello World in C++ using namespace std; • Declares where to assume you are “using” functions • “std” means STANDARD and allows a command like “cout” to be understood

20. Hello World in C++ int main() { } • A function called “main” which returns an “int” value • “main” MUST be in all C++ programs • “{“ “}” delimit the function (indicate what is inside the function)

21. Hello World in C++ cout << “Hello World" << endl; • “cout” is an object that is connected to our terminal screen by default • “Hello World” is sent to the object for display on the screen • “endl” is a “manipulator” that adds a CR LF (Carriage Return and Line Feed)

22. Compiling Hello World in C++ • Save the contents of the program into a file called “hello.cpp” • Run the following commandc++ -o hello hello.cpp • The PROGRAM is created… linking and loading is ALSO performed (by default)

23. Running the Hello World Program • In a Unix/MacOS/Linux environment./hello • In Windows… the program MUST be named with “.exe” on the endhello.exe