The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.

1. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Students will: Know the divisions, structures and functions of each system.

2. The Central Nervous System

3. Functions of the CNS • The brain processes sensory information that is sent in through the spinal cord and other peripheral nerves and sends out responses to the muscle cells and glands.

4. Structure of the Brain

5. Functions of the Brain: • Cerebrum: The part of the brain that controls conscious activities. The home of intelligence, learning and judgment. • Cerebellum: coordinates and balances muscles during muscle movement. • Thalamus: directs nerve signals to the correctportion of the brain for processing • Hypothalamus: controls hunger, thirst, anger, and body temperature.

6. Functions of the Brain cont. • Brain stem: controls involuntary actions that help keep you alive, (blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and swallowing). • The brain stem is the connection between the spinal cord and the brain • Limbic System:: associated with emotion, behavior, and memory.

8. White vs. Gray Matter • White Matter is found in the cerebrum, and connects the cerebrum to different areas of the brain. • Gray Matter makes up the cerebral cortex and controls body movements and processes sensory data.

9. White and Gray Matter.

10. Cerebrum • The cerebrum is made up of White and Gray matter. • The inner part of the cerebrum is white matter while the outer layer is the cerebral cortex.

11. The Brain and Homeostasis Hypothalamus controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature Brain Stem controls heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.

12. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Divisions of the PNS Types of Sensory Neurons Reflex Arcs Somatic vs. Autonomic System

13. Divisions of the PNS

14. Sensory: Transmits signals from the senses to the CNS Reports internal and external stimuli to the CNS for processing Motor: Transmits signals from the CNS to muscles and glands Carries the CNS’s processed signals to muscles and glands in response to stimuli Divisions of the PNS

15. Sensory Receptors

16. Autonomic Involuntary actions, or activities that are not under conscious control Example” heartbeat, peristalsis Somatic: Regulates conscious body activities Reflex Arcs, unconscious use of muscles Motor Division

17. Parasympathetic/Sympathetic

18. “Fight or Flight”

19. “Rest and Digest”

20. Types of Neurons