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Conquest and Colonies

Conquest and Colonies. Chapter 16 section 2. Key Terms. Atahualpa Viceroys Bartolome de Las Casas Treaty of Tordesellas. Encomienda Herman Cortez Conquistador Montezuma II Francisco Pizzaro. Spain Builds an Empire. Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements Did not find much gold

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Conquest and Colonies

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  1. Conquest and Colonies Chapter 16 section 2

  2. Key Terms • Atahualpa • Viceroys • Bartolome de Las Casas • Treaty of Tordesellas • Encomienda • Herman Cortez • Conquistador • Montezuma II • Francisco Pizzaro

  3. Spain Builds an Empire • Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements • Did not find much gold • Ecomienda –colonist given land and native Americans • They work the land for him • Had to teach them Christianity • Basis for all Spanish settlements

  4. Spain Builds an Empire • Overwork • Mistreatment • Diseases spread by Europeans • No natural defenses • Millions would die

  5. The Conquest of Mexico • Herman Cortex- led an expedition to Mexico • Ended in conquest of the Aztec Empire • Conquistador-conqueror term applied to Spanish military leaders who fought the native peoples

  6. The Conquest of Mexico • Montezuma II- Aztec leader • Was unpopular to the people he led • Cortez used the lack of popularity against him • Arrived at Tenochtitlan with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish

  7. The Conquest of Mexico • Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a translator • Advantages of the Spanish • Metal weapons • Heavy armor • Guns • First sight of horses induced terror

  8. The Conquest of Mexico • Disease kills thousands • November 8, 1519 Cortez enters Mexico • Took emperor hostage • Montezuma was killed in a battle • Months of fighting • Cortez took the city and entire empire

  9. The Conquest of Peru • Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and the Incas • Disease (small pox) had killed the emperor and many people • Civil war had broken out • Atahualpa-took over the empire just before the Spanish arrived

  10. The Conquest of Peru • Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish • Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn over his empire • Took Atahualpa prisoner • Killed him after they were paid a ransom • Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire

  11. Life in the Spanish Empire • Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge empire • Viceroys- chosen by the king to rule large areas in the kings name • Economy based on mining silver and gold • Spanish drafted Native Americans to work

  12. Life in the Spanish Empire • Disease and mistreatment took its toll • Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million left) • Bartolome de Las Casas-seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as labor

  13. The Portuguese in Brazil • Signed a treaty early in the exploration • Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil) • Brazils jungles made mining difficult

  14. The Portuguese Arrive in Brazil • 1530’s colonists began to move in • Established huge farms and estates used Native Americans then switched to African slaves

  15. French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas • French had many colonies in Canada (New France) • Hoped to find silver and gold, did not • Found fish, furs • Lynx • Otter • Fox • Beaver sold for high prices

  16. New France • French did not send a large number of colonists • Only small groups of traders • French did not enslave Native Americans • Native Americans were the main source of furs

  17. New France • Many French married Native Americans • Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec • French explored the Mississippi • Thought it flowed to the Pacific ocean • La Salle claimed around Mississippi region • Called Louisiana after King Louis XIV

  18. The Dutch of New Netherlands • Located on the Hudson River • 1629 Governor bought Manhattan from Wappinger people • New Amsterdam became New York City • Fewer than 4,000 people in all of New Netherland

  19. The Dutch of New Netherland • Dutch more focused on colonies in other parts of the world • They were more profitable because they got goods not available in Europe or the Americas • Produced sugar in the Caribbean • Spices from Southeast Asia

  20. The English Colonies • Did not set out to establish colonies • Jamestown the first colony in 1607 • Hoped for silver and gold and route to the Pacific • 1620’s Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth because of religious persecution

  21. The English Colonies • Pilgrims were self sufficient in five years • Did not share same relationship with Native Americans as the French and Dutch • Native Americans had helped the colonists • Colonists view Native Americans with distrust or anger

  22. British-French Conflict • Mid-1700’s British tried to settle in French Territory(upper Ohio River Valley) • Tensions grew war broke out 1754 • English and French both with Native American help • Called the French and Indian War

  23. British-French Conflict • First war went badly for the British • French had more soldiers • British took Quebec • French surrendered gave up all land east of the Mississippi and Canada

  24. British-French Conflict • British controlled more of North America • War was costly • English King placed cost of war on the Americans • Led to resentment • Planted the seeds of the revolution

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