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Urbanization and Immigration

Urbanization and Immigration . Essential Question. Industrialization increased the standard of living and the opportunities of most Americans, but at what cost?. Thomas Alva Edison. “Wizard of Menlo Park” . The Light Bulb. The Phonograph (1877). The Ediphone or Dictaphone.

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Urbanization and Immigration

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  1. Urbanization and Immigration

  2. Essential Question Industrialization increased the standard of living and the opportunities of most Americans, but at what cost?

  3. Thomas Alva Edison “Wizard of Menlo Park”

  4. The Light Bulb

  5. The Phonograph (1877)

  6. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

  7. The Motion Picture Camera

  8. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

  9. Alternate Current George Westinghouse

  10. Alternate Current Westinghouse Lamp ad

  11. The Airplane Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

  12. Model T Automobile Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

  13. “Model T” Prices & Sales

  14. U. S. Patents Granted 1790s  276 patents issued. 1990s  1,119,220 patents issued.

  15. Causes of Rapid Industrialization • Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. • Abundant capital. • New, talented group of businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. • Market growing as US population increased. • Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth. • Abundant natural resources.

  16. New Business Culture • Laissez Faire the ideology of the Industrial Age. * Individual as a moral and economic ideal. * Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. * The market was not man-made or invented. * No room for government in the market!

  17. 2.Social Darwinism • British economist. • Advocate of laissez-faire. • Adapted Darwin’s ideas from the “Origin of Species” to humans. • Notion of “Survival of the Fittest.” Herbert Spencer

  18. 2.Social Darwinism in America • Individuals must have absolute freedom to struggle, succeed or fail. • Therefore, state intervention to reward society and the economy is futile! William Graham SumnerFolkways (1906)

  19. New Type of Business Entities • Pool1887 Interstate Commerce ActInterstate Commerce Commission created. • Trust John D. Rockefeller *Standard Oil Co.

  20. Standard Oil Co.

  21. Iron & Steel Production

  22. New Type of Business Entities

  23. U. S. Corporate Mergers

  24. Industrial Consolidation:Iron & Steel Firms

  25. New Financial Businessman The Broker:*J. Pierpont Morgan

  26. Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

  27. The Reorganization of Work The Assembly Line

  28. Wealth Concentration Held by Top 1% of Households

  29. % of Billionaires in 1900

  30. % of Billionaires in 1918

  31. “The Protectors of Our Industries”

  32. The “Bosses” of the Senate

  33. The “Robber Barons” of the Past

  34. Cornelius [“Commodore”] Vanderbilt Can’t I do what I want with my money?

  35. William Vanderbilt • The public be damned! • What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

  36. The Gospel of Wealth:Religion in the Era of Industrialization • Wealth no longer looked upon as bad. • Viewed as a sign of God’s approval. • Christian duty to accumulate wealth. • Should not help the poor. Russell H. Conwell

  37. “On Wealth” • The Anglo-Saxon race is superior. • “Gospel of Wealth” (1901). • Inequality is inevitable and good. • Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.” Andrew Carnegie

  38. World’s Industrial Output

  39. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

  40. 5-Cent Lodgings

  41. Men’s Lodgings

  42. Women’s Lodgings

  43. Immigrant Family Lodgings

  44. Dumbbell Tenement Plan Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC

  45. Blind Beggar, 1888

  46. Italian Rag-Picker

  47. 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement Saloon

  48. ”Black & Tan” Saloon

  49. ”Bandits’ Roost”

  50. Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

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