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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. Maarefa College. Objectives. What is connective tissue Types of connective tissues Functions of connective tissues Relation of structure and function. Tissues . Four fundamental tissues are recognized: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue Maarefa College

  2. Objectives • What is connective tissue • Types of connective tissues • Functions of connective tissues • Relation of structure and function

  3. Tissues • Four fundamental tissues are recognized: • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscular tissue • Nervous tissue

  4. Connective Tissue • Consists of two basic elements: • Cells, and • Extra-cellular matrix (abundant) (dominant part) • Fibers, and • Ground substance • liquid, gel, or solid • Function • Bind and/or support other tissue

  5. Connective Tissue • Consists of two basic elements: • Cells, and • Extra-cellular matrix (abundant) (dominant part) • Fibers, and • Ground substance • liquid, gel, or solid • Function • Bind and/or support other tissue

  6. Connective Tissue Cells • Fibroblasts: • Secrete both fibers and ground substance of the matrix (wandering) • Macrophages: • Phagocytes that develop from Monocytes (wandering or fixed) • Plasma Cells: • Antibody secreting cells that develop from B-Lymphocytes (wandering)

  7. Connective Tissue Cells • Mast Cells • Produce histamine that help dilate small blood vessels in reaction to injury (wandering) • Adipocytes: • Fat cells that store triglycerides, support, protect and insulate (fixed)

  8. Connective Tissue Cells

  9. Matrix Fibers • Collagen Fibers • Elastic Fibers • Reticular Fibers

  10. Matrix Fibers • Collagen Fibers: • Large fibers made of the protein collagen • The most abundant fibers • Promote tissue flexibility

  11. Matrix Fibers • Elastic Fibers: • Intermediate fibers made of the protein Elastin • Branching fibers that allow for stretch and recoil picrosirius-stained collagen, elastic fibers are stained by orcein Polarizing microscopy

  12. Matrix Fibers • Reticular Fibers: • Small delicate, branched fibers • Have same chemical composition of Collagen • Forms structural framework for organs such as spleen and lymph nodes.

  13. Matrix Fibers Collagen Elastin

  14. Elastic and Collagen Fibers

  15. Fibroblasts • Active fibroblasts have extensions Extensions of fibroblasts (arrow-heads) are seen with the cell or alone, depending on section plane

  16. Fibroblasts • Active fibroblasts have extensions Electron micrograph of fibrocyte with cytoplasmic extensions interdigitating among collagen fibers, X 26,000

  17. Matrix Ground Substance • Hyaluronic Acid: • Complex combination of polysaccharides and proteins found in “true” or proper connective tissue • Chondriotin sulfate: • Jellylike ground substance of cartilage, bone, skin and blood vessels • Other ground Substances: • Dermatin sulfate, keratin sulfate, and adhesion proteins

  18. Types of Connective Tissue • True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Loose Connective Tissue • Dense Connective Tissue • Supportive Connective Tissue • Cartilage • Bone • Liquid Connective Tissue • Blood

  19. True or Proper Connective Tissue • Loose Connective Tissue: • Areolar tissue • Widely distributed under epithelia • Adipose tissue • Hypodermis, within abdomen, breasts • Reticular connective tissue • Lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes

  20. Loose Connective Tissue • Areolar CT • consists of all 3 types of fibers, several types of cells, and semi-fluid ground substance • found in subcutaneous layer and mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and organs • function = strength, support and elasticity

  21. Loose Connective Tissue • Areolar CT

  22. Loose Connective Tissue: • Adipose tissue • consists of adipocytes; "signet ring" appearing fat cells. They store energy in the form of triglycerides (lipids) • found in subcutaneous layer, around organs and in the yellow marrow of long bones • function = supports, protects and insulates, and serves as an energy reserve

  23. Loose Connective Tissue: • Adipose tissue

  24. Loose Connective Tissue • Adipose tissue

  25. Loose Connective Tissue • Reticular CT • Consists of fine interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells • Found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes • Function = forms the framework (stroma) of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells

  26. Loose Connective Tissue • Reticular CT

  27. Loose Connective Tissue • Reticular CT

  28. Loose Connective Tissue • Reticular CT

  29. Loose Connective Tissue • Reticular CT

  30. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Contains more numerous and thicker fibers and far fewer cells than loose CT • Dense Connective Tissue: • Dense regular connective tissue • Tendons and ligaments • Dense irregular connective tissue • Dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract

  31. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense regular Connective Tissue • consists of bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblasts • forms tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses • Function = provide strong attachment between various structures

  32. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense regular Connective Tissue

  33. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense regular Connective Tissue

  34. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense regular Connective Tissue (Tendon)

  35. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense Irregular CT • Consists of randomly-arranged collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts • Found in fasciae, dermis of skin, joint capsules, and heart valves • Function = provides strength

  36. True (Proper) Connective Tissue • Dense Irregular CT

  37. Supportive Connective Tissue: • Cartilage: • Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate) containing collagen and elastic fibers and chondrocytes surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium • Unlike other CT, cartilage has NO blood vessels or nerves except in the perichondrium • Collagen fibers provide strength • chondroitin sulfate provides resilience • Chondrocytes occur within spaces in the matrix called lacunae.

  38. Supportive Connective Tissue • Cartilage: • Hyaline cartilage • Fibro-cartilage • Elastic cartilage

  39. Supportive Connective Tissue • Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type) • Fine collagen fibers embedded in a gel-type matrix • Occasional chondrocytes inside lacunae. • Found in: • embryonic skeleton, • at the ends of long bones (joints), • in the nose and in respiratory structures • Function= flexible, provides support, allows movement at joints

  40. Supportive Connective Tissue • Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)

  41. Supportive Connective Tissue • Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type)

  42. Supportive Connective Tissue • Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type) Perichondrium Hayaline Cartilage Perichondrium

  43. Supportive Connective Tissue • Hyaline Cartilage (most abundant type) • Covers articular surfaces

  44. Supportive Connective Tissue • Fibrocartilage • contains bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy • Found in: • Intervertebral discs, • Menisci of the knee, • Pubic Symphysis, • Tendon insertion on apophyseal hyaline cartilage • Function: • Support and fusion, shock absorption

  45. Supportive Connective Tissue • Fibrocartilage

  46. Supportive Connective Tissue • Fibrocartilage

  47. Supportive Connective Tissue • Fibrocartilage

  48. Supportive Connective Tissue • Fibrocartilage Picrosirius-Hematoxilin stain of fibrocartilage, with abundant collagen fibers

  49. Supportive Connective Tissue • Elastic Cartilage • Threadlike network of elastic fibers within the matrix • Found in: • external ear, • auditory tubes, • epiglottis • function = gives support, maintains shape, allows flexibility

  50. Supportive Connective Tissue • Elastic Cartilage

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