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Tillage and Residue Management BAE 3313 Natural Resources Engineering Sources

Tillage and Residue Management BAE 3313 Natural Resources Engineering Sources http :// www2.ctic.purdue.edu/Core4/CT/Definitions.html http://www.ars.usda.gov (photos). Crop Residue Management (CRM). A year-round agricultural management system

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Tillage and Residue Management BAE 3313 Natural Resources Engineering Sources

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  1. Tillage and Residue Management BAE 3313 Natural Resources Engineering Sources http://www2.ctic.purdue.edu/Core4/CT/Definitions.html http://www.ars.usda.gov (photos)

  2. Crop Residue Management (CRM) • A year-round agricultural management system • Begins with the selection of crops that produce sufficient quantities of residue. • May include the use of cover crops after low residue producing crops. • Includes all field operations that affect residue amounts left on soil surface. • Residue cover amounts: % or lbs • Umbrella” term encompassing many tillage systems.

  3. 30% Residue Cover Corn Soybean 25% http://fieldcropnews.com/ 25% 68% 50% 50% http://www.uwex.edu/ces/ag/plantdoc/photos 25% 75% 75% 45% http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/X8234E/x8234e0v.jpg 90% 90% 90% http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2002/5-13-2002/cropresidue.html

  4. Soil Covered by Crop Residue After Field Operations http://www.ny.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/agronomy/residue/index.html

  5. Conventional Tillage < 15 % Crop Residue After Planting Full width tillage which disturbs all of the soil surface and is performed prior to and/or during planting. Less than 15 percent residue cover after planting, or less than 500 pounds per acre of residue. Generally involves plowing, disking, and may include numerous tillage trips. Weed control is accomplished by disking, herbicides, and/or row cultivation.

  6. Conventional Tillage < 15 % Crop Residue After Planting http://passel.unl.edu/Image/siteImages/Tillage-LG.jpg

  7. Reduced Tillage 15-30% Crop Residue After Planting • Full-width tillage • One or more tillage trips which disturbs all of the soil surface • Performed prior to and/or during planting. • 15-30 percent residue cover after planting or 500 to 1,000 pounds per acre residue • Weed control is accomplished with herbicides and/or row cultivation.

  8. Conservation Tillage ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting Opposite of conventional tillage Any tillage and planting system that covers 30 percent or more of the soil surface with crop residue after planting or maintains at least 1,000 pounds per acre residue on the surface Weed control is typically accomplished with herbicides

  9. Conservation Tillage: No-till/Strip-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting • Soil left undisturbed from harvest to planting • Except for strips up to 1/3 of the row width • Strips may involve only residue disturbance or may include minor soil disturbance • Planting or drilling is accomplished using disc openers, coulter(s), row cleaners, in-row chisels or roto-tillers. • Weed control is accomplished primarily with herbicides. • Cultivation may be used for emergency weed control. • Other Terms: direct seeding, slot planting, zero-till, row-till, and slot-till.

  10. Conservation Tillage: No-till/Strip-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting http://www.uwex.edu/ces/ag/plantdoc/viewCase.cfm?cid=317

  11. Conservation Tillage: Ridge-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting • Soil left undisturbed from harvest to planting except for strips up to 1/3 of the row width. • Planting • Completed on the ridge and usually involves the removal of the top of the ridge. • Use sweeps, disk openers, coulters, or row cleaners. • Residue is left on the surface between ridges. • Weed control is accomplished with herbicides (frequently banded) and/or cultivation. • Ridges are rebuilt during row cultivation.

  12. Conservation Tillage: Ridge-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting

  13. Conservation Tillage: Mulch-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting • Full-width tillage • One or more tillage trips which disturbs all of the soil surface • Done prior to and/or during planting. • Tillage tools such as chisels, field cultivators, disks, sweeps or blades are used. • Weed control is accomplished with herbicides and/or cultivation.

  14. Conservation Tillage: Mulch-till ≥ 30 % Crop Residue After Planting

  15. Tillage and Crop Residue Management 100% None Conservation Tillage Surface Residue Tillage Intensity 30% 15% Conventional Tillage Frequent 0%

  16. Conservation Tillage

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