Abnormal Mitochondrial Diseases

1. Abnormal Mitochondrial Diseases Zhiqian Pang

2. Catalog • What are mitochondria ? • What’s the mitochondria disease? • What causes mitochondria disease? • What Symptoms could result from abnormal mitochondria? • What should we do to conquer this disease? • Parkinson's disease —The most popular disease caused by disorder of mitochondria.

3. Mitochondria A mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria) is part of every cell in the body that contains genetic material. Mitochondria are responsible for processing oxygen and converting substances from the foods we eat into energy for essential cell functions. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP, which is then transported to the cytoplasm of a cell for use in numerous cell functions.

4. Mitochondria Diseases Mitochondria are responsible for producing most of the energy that's needed for our cells to function. In fact, they provide such an important source of energy that a typical human cell contains hundreds of them. A mitochondrial disease can shut down some or all the mitochondria, cutting off this essential energy supply.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is thought to be the reason which cause mitochondria disease

5. Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrial • Poor growth • Loss of muscle coordination, muscle weakness • Visual or hearing problems • Developmental delays, learning disabilities • Mental retardation (智力迟钝) • Heart, liver, or kidney disease • Gastrointestinal disorders(胃肠功能紊乱), severe constipation(便秘)

6. Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrial • Respiratory disorders • Diabetes （糖尿病） • Increased risk of infection • Neurological problems, seizures • Thyroid dysfunction （甲状腺功能紊乱） • Dementia(痴呆)

7. Causes of mitochondrial disease • DNA (DNA contained in the nucleus of the cell)inheritance • MtDNA (DNA contained in the mitochondria) inheritance • Combination of mtDNA and nDNA defects • Random occurrences

8. Treatment • Certain vitamin and enzyme therapies • Diet therapy • Antioxidant treatments

9. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking (tremor) and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. The disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that is involved with movement.

11. Causes of PD Parkinson‘s disease is caused by progressive deterioration of the nerve cells of the part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Dopamine(多巴胺), which is one of the substances used by cells to transmit impulses, is normally produced in this area. Deterioration of this area of the brain reduces the amount of dopamine available to the body. Insufficient dopamine disturbs the balance between dopamine and other transmitters, such as acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱). Without dopamine, the nerve cells cannot properly transmit messages, and this results in the loss of muscle function.

12. communication network in nervous system

13. Healthy balance of dopamine and acetylcholine Imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine in Parkinson's disease.

14. signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease • Tremors • Slowed motion (bradykinesia). • Rigid muscles • Loss of automatic movements • Impaired speech • Difficulty swallowing • Dementia

15. Treatment • Drug treatment The most successful treatment that we canreduce our pain caused by Parkinson’s disease. • Surgical Treatment Recent advances in neuroimaging and stereotactic surgery have led to a renaissance in neurosurgery for Parkinson’s disease.

16. I believe that we can finally conquer our diseases caused by all abnormal organs , and make our life long!

17. Thank you!