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SPELLING

SPELLING. Chapter 31 / 502. 1 ST RULE. If you are not sure – CHECK THE DICTIONARY!!!!. Proofreading. Proofreading for errors in spelling. Slow down your reading speed. Stay within your ‘visual span.’ Put a ruler under each line. Read each paragraph in reverse. QUICK REFERENCE 31.1.

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SPELLING

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  1. SPELLING Chapter 31 / 502

  2. 1ST RULE If you are not sure – • CHECK THE DICTIONARY!!!!

  3. Proofreading Proofreading for errors in spelling. • Slow down your reading speed. • Stay within your ‘visual span.’ • Put a ruler under each line. • Read each paragraph in reverse. • QUICK REFERENCE 31.1

  4. Spelling Plurals Adding –s or –es • Words ending in –s, -sh, -x, -z, or “soft” –ch are formed by adding -es to the singular: • Lens – lenses • Tax – taxes • Beach – beaches • Words ending in –o: • Add –s if the –o is preceded by a vowel. • Radio – radios • Cameo - cameos

  5. Spelling Plurals continued • Add –es if the –o is preceded by a consonant: • Potato – potatoes. • Words ending in –f or –fe add –s: • Belief – beliefs • OR • Change –f or –fe to –ve: • Life – lives • Leaf-leaves • Ending in –ff or –ffe add an –s.

  6. Spelling Compound Words • Add –s or –es.

  7. Internal Changes • Foot – feet • Man – men • Crisis – crises • Child - children

  8. One-Form words • Deer • Elk • Fish • Specify number: • Nine deer. • One deer.

  9. Spelling Suffixes -y words • Try – tries – tried. • Apply – applying • Employ-employed – employing -e words – Drop the final –e when the suffix begins with a vowel, unless doing this would cause confusion: • Be – being • Require-requiring • Like – liking

  10. Spelling Suffixes continued Keep the final –e when the suffix begins with a consonant: • Require – requirement • Like-likely • EXCEPTIONS • Argue – argument • Judge – judgment • True - truly

  11. Spelling Suffixes continued Words that double a final letter • A consonant – double it only if • Last two letters are a vowel followed by a consonant. • Has one syllable or is accented on the last syllable. • The suffix begins with a vowel: • drop – dropped • Begin – beginning • Forget - forgettable

  12. Spelling Suffixes continued -cede, -ceed, -sede words • Only one word ends in –sede – supersede. • Only three words end in –ceed – exceed, proceed, succeed. • All other words with endings that sound like “seed” end in –cede – concede, intercede, precede

  13. Spelling Suffixes continued -ally and –ly words • The suffixes –ally and –ly turn words into adverbs. • Words ending in –ic, add –ally – logically, statistically. • Otherwise, add –ly – quickly, sharply. -ance, -ence, and –ible, -able • No consistent rules govern words with these suffixes.

  14. “The” Rule Ie, ei • Usually true. • I before e (believe, field, grief), • Except after c (ceiling, conceit), • Or when sounded like “ay” – • As in neighbor and weigh (eight, vein).

  15. The “Exceptions” • Ie: conscience, financier, science, species • Ei: either, neither, leisure, seize, counterfeit, foreign, forfeit, sleight (as in sleight of hand), weird. QUICK REFERENCE 31.2 • Homonyms

  16. Exercises • Exercise 31-1/504 • Exercise 31-2/505 • Exercise 31-3/511

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