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DNA. Contents of the Nucleus. DNA vocab. Deoxyribonucleic acid Chromosomes Chromatin Genes Genome. Genetic Material: DNA vs RNA - compare and contrast. DNA Structure. What is the structure called?. Building blocks of DNA. What are the building blocks of DNA?
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DNA vocab • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Chromosomes • Chromatin • Genes • Genome
DNA Structure • What is the structure called?
Building blocks of DNA • What are the building blocks of DNA? • What are the building blocks made of? (3 parts)
What is the significance of the order of the nitrogenous bases?
Step 2: “Reading the code to make the protein = “Translation”
Breaking “THE CODE”: An Analogy: “DNA is like a novel” Nitrogenous bases = “letters” Triplets = “words” A gene = “a sentence” A chromosome = “a chapter”
The Code: • How do you follow the mRNA code?
Video on Protein Synthesis (includes tRNA) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo&mode=related&search=
Great video on a cell’s life functions: • http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.html • Here is the explanation of what is happening: • http://sparkleberrysprings.com/innerlifeofcell.html • Protein Production
Genes • WHAT are they? • WHERE are they? • How many genes do we have? • WHY are we storing the information for PROTEINS???
Enzymes • WHAT are they? • What do they do? • Why do our DNA molecules store the instructions to make them?
One Gene = One Protein? • Human genome = approximately 25,000 genes • Number of proteins humans make is approximately 90,000. • NOT SURE HOW THIS CAN BE!
Example: Deletion The result can be a completely non-functional protein…doesn’t make sense. i.e. --- THE CAT ATE THE RAT--- If you delete a base (letter) ‘C’ ---THE ATA TET HER ATH----- • Deletion • Addition • Substitution • Positive • Neutral • Negative • Mutagens
Another example: Original message: THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF --- --- ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF F--