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DNA

DNA. Contents of the Nucleus. DNA vocab. Deoxyribonucleic acid Chromosomes Chromatin Genes Genome. Genetic Material: DNA vs RNA - compare and contrast. DNA Structure. What is the structure called?. Building blocks of DNA. What are the building blocks of DNA?

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DNA

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  1. DNA

  2. Contents of the Nucleus

  3. DNA vocab • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Chromosomes • Chromatin • Genes • Genome

  4. Genetic Material: DNA vs RNA - compare and contrast.

  5. DNA Structure • What is the structure called?

  6. Building blocks of DNA • What are the building blocks of DNA? • What are the building blocks made of? (3 parts)

  7. How do they fit together?

  8. Try “replicating” this single strand of DNA

  9. What is the significance of the order of the nitrogenous bases?

  10. Protein Synthesis: Step 1: Make a Copy= “Transcription”

  11. Try Transcribing this piece of DNA into mRNA

  12. Why doesn’t the mRNA just stay inside the nucleus?

  13. Step 2: “Reading the code to make the protein = “Translation”

  14. Breaking “THE CODE”: An Analogy: “DNA is like a novel” Nitrogenous bases = “letters” Triplets = “words” A gene = “a sentence” A chromosome = “a chapter”

  15. The Code: • How do you follow the mRNA code?

  16. Video on Protein Synthesis (includes tRNA) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo&mode=related&search=

  17. Try “DECODING” this piece of DNA Code

  18. Great video on a cell’s life functions: • http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.html • Here is the explanation of what is happening: • http://sparkleberrysprings.com/innerlifeofcell.html • Protein Production

  19. Protein Structure

  20. Genes • WHAT are they? • WHERE are they? • How many genes do we have? • WHY are we storing the information for PROTEINS???

  21. Enzymes • WHAT are they? • What do they do? • Why do our DNA molecules store the instructions to make them?

  22. One Gene = One Protein? • Human genome = approximately 25,000 genes • Number of proteins humans make is approximately 90,000. • NOT SURE HOW THIS CAN BE!

  23. Gene Mutation

  24. Example: Deletion The result can be a completely non-functional protein…doesn’t make sense. i.e. --- THE CAT ATE THE RAT--- If you delete a base (letter) ‘C’ ---THE ATA TET HER ATH----- • Deletion • Addition • Substitution • Positive • Neutral • Negative • Mutagens

  25. Another example: Original message: THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF --- --- ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF F--

  26. What does Mutation have to do with Evolution?

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